Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, can confer a health benefit on the host. Among the many probiotic strains, Bifidobacterium breve M-16V has gained recognition for its significant role in supporting human health, particularly in infants. This specific strain has undergone extensive research, establishing its importance in the field of probiotics.
Understanding Bifidobacterium breve M-16V
Bifidobacterium breve M-16V is a specific probiotic strain classified as a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, non-motile, and non-spore-forming anaerobic bacterium. It was initially isolated from the gut of a healthy human infant in 1963, highlighting its natural presence in the early human microbiome. The “M-16V” designation indicates that it is a unique, patented strain developed by Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., first commercially available in Japan in 1976.
This particular strain is distinguished by its robust nature, demonstrating stability and the ability to survive the acidic environment of the stomach and bile acids in the small intestine. Its ability to colonize the gut effectively sets it apart from other Bifidobacterium strains. The extensive research history, with over 120 scientific studies as of September 2024, further underscores its distinctiveness and the depth of understanding regarding its characteristics.
Key Health Benefits
Bifidobacterium breve M-16V offers a range of scientifically supported health benefits, with a particular focus on infant health. It plays a significant role in promoting early gut microbial colonization, thereby supporting healthy growth and shaping a healthy gastrointestinal and immune system in infants. Supplementation with M-16V has been shown to increase Bifidobacteria levels in infant guts.
The strain contributes to immune system support by modulating immune responses and decreasing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines that contribute to allergic symptoms. This modulation includes suppressing the differentiation of T-helper 0 (Th0) cells into T-helper 2 (Th2) cells and reducing the production of Th2 cytokines like interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-5, which can attenuate allergic inflammation by lowering immunoglobulin E (IgE) and IgG1 levels. Bifidobacterium breve M-16V has demonstrated potential in reducing the risk or severity of allergic disorders, including atopic dermatitis (eczema) and asthma symptoms in infants. It may also inhibit pathogens associated with colic.
M-16V has shown promise in protecting preterm infants from serious complications such as necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and sepsis. It stimulates the colonization of bifidobacteria and can improve the intestinal environment and gut barrier function. Mechanistic studies suggest that M-16V may assist the development of mucosal immunity through the upregulation of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling in premature infants and attenuate inflammatory reactions by modulating the expressions of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4.
Applications and Usage
Bifidobacterium breve M-16V is primarily recommended for infants and is commonly found in products designed for this population. It has been incorporated into infant formulas, including both term and preterm formulas, since 1982. Specialized probiotic supplements for infants also frequently contain this strain.
Since 1994, M-16V has been utilized in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and pediatric departments in over 150 affiliated hospitals across Japan. Since 2012, it has been used in NICUs in Australia, New Zealand, and Singapore to support the healthy growth of babies. It is administered orally, often as drops, powder, or capsules, which can be mixed with breast milk, sterile water, or formula. Dosage can vary depending on the specific product and intended use. For instance, in some clinical settings, preterm neonates have received 3 billion colony-forming units (CFU) per day, typically mixed in 1.5 mL of sterile water or breast milk.
Safety and Important Considerations
Bifidobacterium breve M-16V has a favorable safety profile, particularly for infants. It received Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) status from the U.S. FDA for food applications and infant formulas in 2013, following a thorough expert panel review. This status confirms its safety for consumption, even in sensitive populations like infants.
While well-tolerated, rare or mild side effects such as temporary gas or bloating may occur. Choose reputable brands that ensure proper storage to maintain the viability of the live bacteria. The product should be used immediately after preparation. Consulting with a healthcare professional is advisable, especially when considering probiotic supplementation for infants or individuals with underlying health conditions, to ensure appropriate use and dosage.