Continuous oxygen therapy involves receiving supplemental oxygen. It is a prescribed medical treatment for individuals whose bodies struggle to absorb sufficient oxygen from the air. This therapy addresses underlying health conditions that impair the body’s natural ability to maintain healthy oxygen levels.
Why Continuous Oxygen Is Prescribed
Continuous oxygen is prescribed when medical conditions prevent the body from getting enough oxygen on its own, a state referred to as hypoxemia. Maintaining adequate oxygen levels is crucial for proper organ function and to prevent serious health issues, including organ damage, confusion, or severe fatigue.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a frequent reason for continuous oxygen therapy. Conditions like emphysema or chronic bronchitis, components of COPD, damage the tiny air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs where gas exchange occurs, leading to persistently low blood oxygen. Pulmonary fibrosis, characterized by scarring in the lungs, also hinders oxygen transfer into the bloodstream, necessitating supplemental oxygen. Heart failure can also lead to low blood oxygen because the heart cannot efficiently pump blood, causing fatigue and shortness of breath. Severe asthma and pneumonia, when they significantly impair lung function, can also require continuous oxygen to ensure the bloodstream receives enough oxygen to support the body.
How Oxygen Therapy Is Administered
Oxygen therapy is administered through various systems designed to provide a continuous flow of oxygen. The most common delivery methods involve a nasal cannula or an oxygen mask. A nasal cannula is a thin, flexible tube with two prongs that fit into the nostrils, delivering a steady stream of oxygen. Oxygen masks, which cover the nose and mouth, are used for higher oxygen concentrations than a nasal cannula can provide, or when a precise mixture of oxygen and air is needed.
Oxygen concentrators are common devices used at home, drawing in ambient air, filtering out nitrogen, and delivering concentrated oxygen. These devices run on electricity and can be stationary for home use or portable with batteries for mobility. Unlike oxygen tanks, concentrators continuously purify air and do not require refilling. Compressed oxygen tanks, another delivery system, store oxygen gas under pressure. Liquid oxygen systems store oxygen as a very cold liquid, which converts to gas before being inhaled and can be transferred to smaller portable units.
Living Safely with Continuous Oxygen
Living with continuous oxygen therapy requires adherence to specific safety measures. Oxygen itself is not flammable, but it significantly enhances combustion, causing other materials to burn more intensely and rapidly. A safe distance of at least 6 to 10 feet from any heat source or open flame, including stoves, candles, fireplaces, and electric heaters, should be maintained. Smoking is prohibited near oxygen equipment, and “No Smoking” signs should be displayed.
Proper storage of oxygen tanks is important; they should be stored upright and secured in a rack or stand to prevent tipping, which could damage the valve and cause leaks. Tanks should be kept in well-ventilated areas, away from enclosed spaces like closets or under beds, as oxygen can accumulate and increase fire risk. Avoid using petroleum-based products like petroleum jelly, oil-based lotions, or aerosol sprays near oxygen equipment, as these can react with oxygen if ignited. Electrical appliances that produce sparks or heat, such as electric razors, hair dryers, or electric blankets, should not be used while oxygen is in use.
Managing the tubing to prevent falls is important, and taping the tube to the back of the user’s shirt can help maintain mobility. Regular cleaning and maintenance of oxygen equipment are necessary. Nasal cannulas and tubing should be replaced periodically. Humidifier bottles, if used, should be washed daily and disinfected weekly to prevent bacterial growth and dry nasal passages. Filters on oxygen concentrators should be cleaned regularly by rinsing them under running water.
Expected Outcomes and Adaptations
Individuals on continuous oxygen therapy can experience several positive outcomes that enhance their quality of life. The primary benefit is improved breathing, as supplemental oxygen helps the body receive the necessary levels to function effectively. This often leads to increased energy levels, reduced breathlessness, and improved ability to engage in daily activities, making physical exertion easier. Many patients also report better sleep quality, as a steady oxygen supply throughout the night prevents dangerous drops in oxygen levels.
Oxygen therapy can reduce the strain on the heart, which works harder when blood oxygen levels are low. While oxygen therapy cannot cure underlying respiratory problems, it helps maintain healthy organ function and can prevent complications associated with prolonged oxygen deprivation.
Minor side effects, such as dry nose or throat, can occur due to the continuous flow of oxygen. Using a humidifier with the oxygen delivery system and applying water-based moisturizers can help alleviate this dryness. Adherence to the prescribed flow rate and duration is important. Regular follow-up appointments with healthcare providers are important to monitor oxygen levels, adjust the therapy as needed, and ensure optimal management for sustained well-being.