The common saying, “if it’s brown, lay down,” is widely recognized, especially among those in bear country. However, relying on such oversimplified directives can be misleading and even perilous. This article clarifies the nuances of bear safety, challenging broad generalizations and offering more accurate, species-specific strategies for safe coexistence and encounter response.
The Saying: Origin and Danger
The notion of “playing dead” primarily applies to defensive encounters with brown or grizzly bears. This strategy is appropriate when a bear reacts to a perceived threat, such as protecting cubs or a food source. Defensive attacks often involve vocalizations, huffing, jaw popping, or bluff charges, where the bear charges but stops short or veers away.
However, misapplying this advice to other scenarios or bear species can lead to serious injury or fatality. Black bear attacks, for instance, are rarely defensive and are more often predatory, meaning the bear views a human as potential prey. In these situations, playing dead is ineffective and dangerous. The saying oversimplifies complex animal behavior and ignores distinctions between bear types and their motivations, which are crucial for determining the correct human response.
Identifying Bear Species
Distinguishing between bear species is important because appropriate responses to encounters vary significantly.
Black bears (Ursus americanus), the most common and widespread in North America, possess pointed ears and a straight facial profile, sometimes described as “Roman-nosed.” They typically lack a prominent shoulder hump, and their highest point is often their rump. While commonly black, their fur can range from brown, cinnamon, or even blonde.
Grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis), a subspecies of brown bear, are found primarily in western North America and Alaska. They are characterized by a noticeable shoulder hump, a dished or concave facial profile, and shorter, more rounded ears. Grizzlies also have longer, gently curved claws, typically 3-4 inches, compared to the black bear’s shorter, more curved claws (1-2 inches). Their fur color can vary widely, from light brown to dark brown, often with white-tipped guard hairs giving them a grizzled appearance.
Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) inhabit the Arctic regions. They are easily identifiable by their white fur, large size, and elongated muzzle. Their ears are small and rounded, an adaptation for heat conservation.
Encounter Strategies
When encountering any bear, maintain composure and assess the situation. Avoid direct eye contact, speak in a low and calm voice, and make yourself appear as large as possible without aggressive gestures. Running can trigger a chase response, as bears are incredibly fast, reaching speeds up to 35 miles per hour for black bears and 30 miles per hour for grizzlies. Slowly back away if the bear does not appear to be approaching or acting aggressively.
If a black bear attacks, fight back aggressively. Black bear attacks are often predatory. Making noise, shouting, and using any available objects to hit the bear can deter it, including punching, kicking, and using sticks or rocks. Standing your ground and demonstrating you are not easy prey is the recommended response.
For grizzly or brown bears, the strategy depends on the attack’s nature. If the bear is making a defensive charge, perhaps due to cubs or a food source, and makes physical contact, playing dead is generally advised. Lie flat on your stomach with legs spread, protecting your neck and head with your hands, and remain still until the bear leaves. If the attack becomes prolonged or seems predatory (extremely rare for grizzlies), fighting back with all available means becomes necessary. Bear spray is an effective tool for all bear types, with a 90% success rate in deterring aggressive bears and preventing injury when properly deployed. Aim it slightly downward towards the bear’s face and spray in short bursts.
Polar bear encounters are rare, but if attacked, always fight back. Polar bear attacks are almost always predatory, viewing humans as a potential food source. Playing dead against a polar bear will only increase risk.
Preventing Encounters
Minimizing the likelihood of a bear encounter is the most effective safety measure. Making noise while hiking, such as by talking or calling out, helps alert bears to your presence, giving them time to move away before a surprise encounter. Bears generally prefer to avoid humans.
Proper food storage is another important preventative step. Bears have an exceptional sense of smell and are highly attracted to food and scented items, including toiletries. All food, garbage, and scented products should be stored in bear-resistant containers, hung from trees at least 10 feet off the ground and 8 feet from the trunk, or placed in bear lockers. Never leave food unattended or store it in tents or vehicles, as bears can damage property to access attractants.
Hiking in groups can also reduce the risk of encounters, as larger groups are generally more noticeable and intimidating to bears. Carrying bear spray and knowing how to use it provides an important last line of defense. Remain aware of your surroundings and look for signs of bear activity, such as scat, tracks, or claw marks on trees, to avoid areas where bears are present. Never approach a bear, especially cubs or carcasses, as this can provoke a defensive response from a nearby mother or a bear protecting a food source.