Avapritinib is a kinase inhibitor primarily used to treat specific types of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) and advanced systemic mastocytosis. It targets certain proteins involved in cancer growth. This article provides general information regarding the potential side effects associated with avapritinib treatment. This content is for informational purposes only and does not substitute professional medical advice.
Common Side Effects
Avapritinib treatment can cause various common side effects, including:
- Nausea and vomiting (ranging from mild to significant discomfort).
- Diarrhea (loose or watery stools).
- Fatigue (persistent tiredness or lack of energy).
- Fluid retention (edema), causing swelling, especially in the face and around the eyes.
- Skin rash (redness, itching, or small bumps).
- Changes in hair color (lightening or graying).
- Increased tear production or watery eyes.
- Blurred vision or other visual disturbances.
- Cognitive effects (“brain fog”), such as difficulties with memory, concentration, or mental clarity.
These effects, while often manageable, should be discussed with a healthcare provider for proper management.
Serious Side Effects
Avapritinib can lead to serious side effects that demand immediate medical attention, including:
- Intracranial Hemorrhage: Bleeding within the brain, manifesting with severe headaches, seizures, weakness on one side of the body, or changes in consciousness. This requires urgent medical evaluation.
- Severe Cognitive Impairment: Beyond mild “brain fog,” this can include memory loss, confusion, or disorientation that significantly impacts daily function. Other central nervous system (CNS) effects like dizziness, mood changes, or severe insomnia may also indicate a serious reaction.
- Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Potentially presenting as black, tarry stools, bloody vomit, or persistent abdominal pain.
- Prolonged QT Interval: An electrical abnormality in the heart that can lead to serious heart rhythm issues. Symptoms like palpitations, dizziness, or fainting spells necessitate prompt cardiac evaluation.
- Severe Fluid Retention: Particularly if it causes difficulty breathing or significant swelling that does not subside, this warrants immediate medical consultation.
Recognizing these serious reactions and seeking timely medical care is important to prevent severe complications.
Managing Side Effects at Home
Managing common avapritinib side effects at home often involves supportive care and lifestyle adjustments.
Nausea and Vomiting
Eating smaller, more frequent meals, avoiding fatty or spicy foods, and staying hydrated with clear liquids can be helpful. Bland foods like toast or crackers may also alleviate discomfort.
Diarrhea
Increase fluid intake to prevent dehydration and consume a low-fiber diet.
Skin Rashes
Maintain good skin hygiene, use mild, unscented soaps, and apply moisturizing creams. Wearing loose-fitting clothing may also reduce discomfort.
Fatigue
Prioritize rest, plan activities during periods of higher energy, and engage in light physical activity if tolerated.
Fluid Retention
Elevate affected limbs and reduce salt intake, monitoring swelling closely.
Eye Irritation
Lubricating eye drops can sometimes alleviate irritation or increased tearing.
Any home management strategies should be discussed with a healthcare provider before implementation to ensure they are appropriate and safe.
When to Seek Medical Help
Certain symptoms or situations require immediate medical attention while on avapritinib.
Neurological Symptoms
Seek urgent care for any signs of severe headache, sudden vision changes, or confusion, as these could indicate bleeding in the brain.
Significant Bleeding
Any significant bleeding, such as persistent nosebleeds, unusual bruising, black or tarry stools, or vomiting blood, warrants immediate medical evaluation.
Allergic Reactions
Severe allergic reactions, characterized by swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat, hives, or difficulty breathing, require emergency services.
Cardiac Symptoms
Chest pain, palpitations, or severe dizziness should also prompt immediate medical consultation due to potential heart-related issues.
Contact your doctor immediately or go to the nearest emergency room if you experience any of these severe or concerning symptoms.