Baby squirrels, often called pups or kits, begin their lives vulnerable, entirely dependent on their mother for survival. Born blind, deaf, and hairless, these tiny creatures undergo rapid developmental changes within the safety of their nest. Their early growth involves physical transformations, preparing them for a life of agility and independence in their arboreal environment. Understanding these initial phases offers insight into squirrel maturation.
When Squirrel Pups Open Their Eyes
A significant developmental milestone for squirrel pups is the opening of their eyes. For Eastern Gray Squirrels, this occurs around four weeks of age. At birth, these kits are born blind, deaf, and hairless, with their eyes and ears sealed. During their first few weeks, they feed and stay warm, relying on their mother for sustenance and protection within the nest.
As they progress through weeks two and three, fuzz begins to appear, and their skin darkens, although their eyes and ears remain closed. By the four-week mark, their fur develops, and the eyelids begin to separate, marking the moment their eyes open. This visual awakening signals a shift, allowing them to transition from navigating solely by touch and smell to perceiving surroundings. While their vision matures, this newfound sense encourages initial explorations within the drey.
The eye-opening event is linked with other sensory and physical developments, including the continued growth of their fur. Fur helps regulate body temperature and blend with their environment. This period increases awareness and engagement with their world, preparing them for life outside the nest.
Growing Up: From Blindness to Independence
Following the opening of their eyes, squirrel pups experience a rapid progression of milestones that lead to independence. Around three to four weeks of age, their lower front teeth, incisors, begin to emerge, with upper incisors following at about five weeks. These continually growing teeth are important for gnawing and processing solid foods.
As they gain sight, their coordination improves, and they become more active, exploring the immediate nest vicinity. Around six weeks of age, with their eyes fully open and fur developed, they start to venture outside the drey for short periods. This initial exploration is a key step in learning to navigate their arboreal habitat.
Weaning from their mother’s milk begins around seven to eight weeks and is complete by ten weeks, as they transition to solid foods like nuts, seeds, and fruits. By ten to twelve weeks of age, young squirrels are fully independent, equipped with skills to forage and survive.