Orthodontic treatment for children is a common consideration for many parents, yet understanding the optimal timing can be complex. The journey to a healthy, aligned smile involves various stages, and the age a child benefits from care is important for best outcomes. Recognizing the different phases of treatment and their specific age considerations helps parents make informed decisions for their child’s oral health.
When to See an Orthodontist
The American Association of Orthodontists (AAO) recommends children have their first orthodontic evaluation no later than age seven. By this age, a child typically has a mix of primary (baby) and permanent teeth, allowing the orthodontist to identify potential issues with jaw growth and tooth development. An early evaluation does not necessarily mean immediate treatment, but provides an opportunity to monitor development and plan for future interventions. This proactive approach can help address problems more easily if identified early.
Early Orthodontic Intervention
Early orthodontic intervention, often called “Phase One” or “interceptive” treatment, begins between the ages of six and ten. This phase addresses developing dental and jaw issues while a child’s bones are still growing and adaptable. Conditions warranting early treatment include bite problems like crossbites, underbites, or overbites, crowding affecting permanent tooth eruption, and harmful habits such as prolonged thumb-sucking.
The primary goals of Phase One treatment involve guiding jaw growth, creating adequate space for permanent teeth, and correcting issues that could become more severe or require more complex treatment later. For instance, a palate expander might widen a narrow upper jaw, improving the fit of the upper and lower teeth. Early intervention can reduce the need for tooth extractions or extensive future treatments.
Comprehensive Orthodontic Treatment
Comprehensive orthodontic treatment, often referred to as “Phase Two” or full braces, occurs when most or all permanent teeth have erupted. This happens between the ages of 11 and 14, making adolescence a common time for this care. At this stage, the focus is on aligning all permanent teeth, correcting any remaining bite discrepancies, and achieving aesthetic and functional harmony of the entire smile.
The adolescent years are considered ideal for comprehensive treatment because the jaws are still growing, which facilitates tooth movement and bite correction. The bone density during this period is also favorable for orthodontic tooth movement. While some children may have undergone early intervention, Phase Two treatment refines the alignment and bite to ensure a stable and healthy result.
Maintaining the New Smile
After active orthodontic treatment is completed, the use of retainers becomes important. Retainers are custom-made devices, often made from clear plastic, acrylic, or wires, designed to hold teeth in their newly corrected positions. Their primary function is to prevent teeth from gradually shifting back towards their original alignment, a natural tendency known as relapse.
Consistent retainer wear, as prescribed by the orthodontist, is important for maintaining the results achieved through months or years of treatment. Retainers allow the surrounding bone and tissues to stabilize around the newly positioned teeth. This ongoing retention ensures the longevity of the orthodontic outcome.