The ZZ Plant (Zamioculcas zamiifolia) is a popular houseplant known for its glossy foliage and ability to tolerate low light and infrequent watering. While low-maintenance, the ZZ Plant is toxic to babies and toddlers if chewed or ingested. This toxicity is not a systemic poison but a mechanical irritant that causes immediate, painful reactions upon contact with soft tissues.
Understanding ZZ Plant Toxicity
The ZZ Plant’s hazard comes from insoluble calcium oxalate crystals, known as raphides. These microscopic, needle-shaped crystals are stored within specialized cells throughout the plant’s structure. When a baby chews on any part of the plant—leaf, stem, or root—the cell walls break, forcefully releasing these sharp crystals.
The crystals act like tiny shards of glass, stabbing the sensitive mucous membranes of the mouth, throat, and digestive tract. This mechanical irritation triggers an intense, localized inflammatory response immediately. The immediate discomfort often limits the amount of plant material a child consumes, making severe systemic poisoning rare.
Recognizing Symptoms of Exposure
Symptoms of ZZ Plant exposure are concentrated around the mouth and throat and begin almost instantly upon contact. The first sign is often an intense, searing or burning sensation in the mouth and throat as the crystals pierce the tissue. Parents may observe excessive drooling as the body attempts to flush out the irritant.
Localized swelling of the lips, tongue, and oral cavity is a common reaction. A child may exhibit difficulty swallowing or speaking due to the pain and inflammation. Ingestion can also lead to gastrointestinal distress, resulting in vomiting or stomach upset. Direct contact with the plant’s sap on the skin can cause a localized rash or irritation.
Immediate Steps for Caregivers
Acting quickly is important if you suspect your child has chewed on or ingested any part of a ZZ Plant. Gently and thoroughly remove any remaining plant matter from the child’s mouth, taking care not to push debris further down the throat. Immediately rinse the child’s mouth with a cool liquid, such as water or milk, to soothe the irritation and wash away remaining crystals.
Contact the national Poison Control Center at 1-800-222-1222 immediately for expert guidance, regardless of how mild the initial symptoms appear. The specialist will ask for the plant’s name, the part ingested, and the estimated amount consumed. They will assess the risk and advise whether the child needs transport to an emergency department for observation, especially if swelling is present or if breathing seems compromised.
Child-Safe Plant Options
For families with curious babies and toddlers, the safest preventative measure is to replace toxic plants with non-toxic alternatives. Many beautiful houseplants pose no internal threat if a small amount is accidentally chewed.
Non-Toxic Houseplants
- The Parlor Palm (Chamaedorea elegans) is an excellent, non-toxic option that thrives in indirect light.
- The classic Spider Plant (Chlorophytum comosum) is safe for children and pets.
- The Boston Fern (Nephrolepis exaltata) is a reliable, non-toxic choice.
- Most varieties of Peperomia and Haworthia succulents are also safe.
If you choose to keep toxic plants, ensure they are placed completely out of reach on high shelving, in hanging planters, or in rooms inaccessible to young children.