Zinnias (Zinnia spp.) are vibrant, popular annual flowers cultivated for their bright colors and long blooming season. A common concern for gardeners is protecting these plants from foraging wildlife, particularly deer and rabbits, whose feeding habits can quickly destroy a flowering display. Understanding the specific resistance level of zinnias to these animals is a primary step in successful garden planning.
Zinnia Vulnerability to Deer and Rabbits
Zinnias are widely placed on lists of plants that are rarely damaged by deer and rabbits, meaning they possess a moderate level of resistance to browsing. They are generally not the preferred food source for either animal, often being ignored in favor of tastier, more tender vegetation. However, the term “resistant” does not mean “proof,” and consumption is possible under certain conditions.
Deer tend to browse, meaning they may sample new growth, flower buds, or the blooms themselves, often leaving behind jagged, torn stems. This exploratory nibbling is more common when local deer populations are high or when other palatable food sources are scarce. Rabbits are typically a threat to young seedlings, often cutting the stem cleanly near the base. However, they generally leave mature zinnia plants alone.
Explaining Palatability and Resistance Factors
The moderate resistance of zinnias is directly related to their physical and chemical characteristics, which make them unappealing to a browsing animal. The leaves and stems of the zinnia plant possess a noticeably coarse texture. This texture is often described as slightly bristly or fuzzy, a trait that deer and rabbits generally find disagreeable. Grazing animals prefer smooth, succulent foliage, making the rough surface of the zinnia a natural physical deterrent.
Beyond the texture, the foliage has low palatability, linked to its aromatic nature and taste. Zinnias contain compounds that result in a scent or flavor unappetizing to deer, prompting them to move on. This mild bitterness or strong flavor acts as an internal disincentive for repeated browsing. The combination of a bristly exterior and unappetizing flavor establishes the zinnia’s reputation as a naturally avoided garden annual.
Practical Protection Methods
When local wildlife pressure is high, gardeners may need to employ protective measures to ensure their zinnias thrive.
Physical Barriers
One of the most effective strategies is using physical barriers, especially for vulnerable new plantings. Temporary, low fencing, such as chicken wire or mesh netting, can deter rabbits and deer from accessing tender growth. The barrier only needs to be high enough to make the plant inaccessible to the foraging animal.
Repellents
Repellents offer another layer of protection, working on the animal’s sense of smell or taste. Commercial taste-based sprays are applied directly to the foliage and must be reapplied frequently, particularly after rain or watering. To prevent animals from becoming accustomed to a single deterrent, alternate between different types of repellents every few weeks.
Strategic Planting
Strategic planting can also help mitigate damage using the concept of companion deterrence. Planting zinnias near highly fragrant, resistant plants, such as lavender, rosemary, or mint, helps mask the zinnia’s scent and creates an unappealing perimeter. Placing zinnias in highly visible areas, such as close to the house or frequently used pathways, may also discourage cautious deer from lingering.