Wolf spiders are common arachnids found across Minnesota, frequently encountered in various outdoor and sometimes indoor environments. They are widespread throughout the state.
Presence in Minnesota
Wolf spiders are widely distributed across Minnesota, inhabiting a broad range of natural environments. They are typically found in grasslands, forests, suburban gardens, marshes, and even buildings, especially as temperatures drop. Minnesota’s diverse ecosystems and available prey contribute to their commonality, with at least 37 species identified within the state.
Many wolf spider species are wanderers and do not build permanent homes. However, some construct silk-lined burrows in the ground, which may be left open or feature a trapdoor.
Identifying Wolf Spiders
Wolf spiders are medium to large, ranging from 0.5 to 2 inches in body length. Their bodies are hairy and robust, typically brown, gray, or black, often with mottled patterns or stripes for camouflage. They possess stout, strong legs, well-suited for their active hunting lifestyle.
A distinguishing characteristic is their unique eye arrangement: eight eyes set in three rows. The bottom row has four small eyes, followed by two very large eyes in the middle, and two medium-sized eyes in the top. This pattern helps differentiate them from other spider species. Wolf spiders are active ground-dwelling hunters, relying on their excellent eyesight and speed to pursue prey rather than building webs.
Wolf Spider Behavior and Bites
Wolf spiders are active hunters that stalk and pounce on prey, often at night. Their diet primarily consists of ground-dwelling insects like crickets, ants, and grasshoppers, making them beneficial predators. Wolf spiders are generally not aggressive towards humans and tend to flee when approached. Bites typically occur only if the spider feels threatened, such as when provoked or accidentally trapped against the skin.
A wolf spider bite is generally not medically concerning and is often compared to a bee sting. Symptoms usually include mild pain, localized redness, and some swelling or itching at the bite site. These symptoms commonly resolve within a few days without medical intervention. While rare, severe allergic reactions can occur, indicated by symptoms like difficulty breathing or widespread hives, which necessitate immediate medical attention. To minimize the chance of a bite, wear gloves when gardening or handling firewood and shake out shoes or clothing left outdoors before use.