White possums, while unusual in appearance, are common opossums, typically the Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana), that display a genetic variation affecting their coloration. Understanding their white fur and natural behaviors clarifies whether they pose a danger to humans or pets.
What Makes a Possum White?
The distinctive white fur on some possums stems from genetic conditions, primarily leucism or, less frequently, albinism. Leucism results in a partial loss of pigmentation, meaning the animal’s fur appears white or pale, but its eyes retain their typical dark color. In contrast, albinism involves a complete lack of melanin, the pigment responsible for color in skin, hair, and eyes. Albino possums typically have pale white fur and distinctive red or pink eyes.
Are Possums Truly Dangerous?
Possums are generally timid and non-aggressive creatures. They prefer to avoid confrontation and are more likely to display defensive behaviors, such as hissing, growling, or opening their mouths wide to reveal their 50 teeth, to deter perceived threats. If these displays do not work, a possum may “play dead,” entering an involuntary catatonic state, which is a common defense mechanism.
Concerns about disease transmission from possums, particularly rabies, are common. However, it is very rare for possums to carry rabies due to their lower body temperature, which makes it difficult for the virus to survive and reproduce. Reported cases in possums are among the lowest rates observed in wildlife. Possums can carry other pathogens, such as bacteria like Leptospira or Salmonella, and parasites like fleas and ticks. These can be transmitted through urine, feces, or tick bites, though direct transmission to humans is uncommon and often requires contact with contaminated materials.
Regarding threats to pets or property, possums generally pose minimal risk. They are scavengers rather than predators and typically do not attack larger animals like cats or dogs. If cornered or feeling threatened by a pet, a possum may lash out defensively, potentially resulting in minor bites or scratches. Property damage from possums is usually limited to rooting through trash cans or seeking shelter in human-made structures.
Coexisting Safely with Possums
Coexisting with possums involves minimizing attractions and managing encounters safely. Securing outdoor food sources is important; this includes using trash cans with tight-fitting lids, bringing pet food indoors at night, and promptly cleaning up fallen fruit from trees. Removing potential hiding spots like overgrown vegetation, woodpiles, or debris can also discourage them from denning on your property.
If a possum is encountered, observe it from a distance and avoid direct contact. Their defensive behaviors, like hissing or playing dead, are generally bluffs and indicate fear rather than aggression. If a possum appears sick, injured, or trapped, contact local animal control or a wildlife rehabilitator. Attempting to handle a wild possum without proper training can result in injury to both the animal and the person.