Whip scorpions are often mistaken for venomous arachnids due to their intimidating appearance. Despite their name and resemblance to true scorpions, these creatures lack a venomous sting. This article clarifies what whip scorpions are and explains their distinctive defense mechanism.
Understanding Whip Scorpions
Whip scorpions, classified under the order Uropygi (also known as Thelyphonida), are arachnids, a group that includes spiders, mites, and ticks. They share visual characteristics with true scorpions, such as powerful pedipalps, which are claw-like appendages used for capturing prey and digging burrows. Their body is typically flat and segmented, culminating in a long, thin, whip-like tail, or flagellum, which gives them their common name.
Most whip scorpions range from 25 to 85 millimeters (1 to 3.3 inches) in length, excluding the tail. They possess eight eyes—one pair at the front and two sets of three on each side—though their eyesight is weak. Instead, they rely on their elongated first pair of legs, which act as sensory organs similar to antennae, and their flagellum to sense their surroundings. These nocturnal creatures inhabit dark, damp environments, often found under logs, rocks, or in burrows they dig themselves.
Their Unique Defense Mechanism
Whip scorpions do not possess a stinger like true scorpions. Their primary defense mechanism involves spraying a defensive liquid from glands located near the base of their tail. This liquid is primarily composed of acetic acid, the main component of vinegar, earning them the nickname “vinegaroons.” When threatened, a whip scorpion can accurately spray this acidic mixture up to a foot away. The spray, which can contain up to 85% acetic acid and also includes caprylic acid, acts as a chemical irritant. This defense deters predators by causing irritation.
Interaction with Humans
The acetic acid spray from a whip scorpion is generally harmless to humans, causing only minor, temporary discomfort. If the spray makes contact with intact skin, it may result in a mild stinging or burning sensation. However, if it enters the eyes or open wounds, it can cause irritation. Should contact occur, rinsing the affected area with water and soap is advisable.
Whip scorpions are docile and prefer to avoid confrontation, often attempting to flee or hide when disturbed. While they have strong pedipalps that can pinch, this action is not harmful to humans.