Tyson glands are small, natural sebaceous glands found in the genital area. These glands are a normal, non-pathological anatomical feature present in many males, but their appearance can cause anxiety. This article clarifies the nature of these structures, their biological function, and when to seek medical advice.
What Tyson Glands Are and Where They Are Found
Tyson glands are technically modified sebaceous glands, sometimes referred to as preputial glands or ectopic sebaceous glands, meaning they occur outside of their typical location near hair follicles. The term “Tyson glands” is often used to describe small, pale bumps located on the penis, specifically around the corona, which is the ridge of the glans (head of the penis). They can also be found on the inner surface of the prepuce, or foreskin, and near the frenulum.
These structures usually appear as tiny, dome-shaped or slightly raised papules that are typically yellowish or skin-colored. They are generally uniform in appearance and measure only about one to two millimeters across. Their visibility can fluctuate, often becoming more noticeable during adolescence or when the skin is stretched. The term is sometimes used interchangeably with “pearly penile papules,” though some sources distinguish between the two structures.
The Biological Function of Tyson Glands
The biological role of Tyson glands is the production and secretion of sebum, an oily substance. This oily secretion helps to lubricate the skin in the genital area and maintain its moisture.
By keeping the skin flexible and preventing dryness, the sebum contributes to the overall health and integrity of the local tissue. This secretion also forms part of smegma, a natural accumulation of dead skin cells and oils that can occur under the foreskin. The activity of these glands often becomes more pronounced after puberty, which is driven by hormonal changes.
Why These Glands Are Normal and When to Seek Medical Advice
Tyson glands are a normal anatomical variant that poses no health risk and is not contagious. They are not a sign of a sexually transmitted infection, poor hygiene, or any other disease. Since they are asymptomatic, they cause no pain, itching, or discomfort.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Because they are a normal part of the body’s anatomy, no medical treatment is needed for Tyson glands themselves. Individuals often become concerned because the appearance of the small bumps is visually similar to certain pathological skin conditions. A medical professional can easily distinguish Tyson glands from other lesions, like genital warts, molluscum contagiosum, or Fordyce spots, through a visual examination.
When to Consult a Healthcare Provider
It is appropriate to consult a healthcare provider if you notice any changes in the area that are accompanied by other symptoms. Seek medical advice if the bumps change in size or texture, or if you experience pain, swelling, bleeding, or abnormal discharge. A rapid onset of new lesions, or discomfort during sexual activity, also warrants an assessment to rule out other treatable conditions.