Tooth gems are small, decorative items, such as rhinestones, crystals, or metal shapes, that are bonded to the surface of a tooth. This trend is a popular form of temporary cosmetic modification. While these adornments are visually appealing, their application and presence introduce several potential risks to long-term oral health. Determining their safety requires exploring the methods of attachment and the challenges they pose to maintaining proper oral hygiene.
Understanding How Tooth Gems Are Applied and Removed
Professional application of a tooth gem closely mirrors the process used for securing orthodontic brackets. The procedure begins with cleaning and isolating the tooth surface to ensure it is completely dry. Next, a mild acid etching solution is applied to the enamel, creating microscopic pores that improve the mechanical grip for the bonding agent.
Following the etching, a dental-grade bonding agent and composite resin is applied to the prepared area. The jewel is then placed onto the adhesive before a specialized curing light rapidly hardens the resin. This process creates a strong, secure bond between the gem and the tooth’s surface. The entire procedure typically takes only a few minutes and does not involve drilling or permanent alteration to the tooth structure.
The removal process must also be handled by a dental professional to minimize damage. The practitioner uses a specialized dental handpiece and polishing burs to gently break the bond and remove the gem. All residual bonding material must then be meticulously cleaned and polished from the enamel surface. Failure to completely remove the composite residue leaves a rough patch that attracts plaque and bacteria, accelerating the risk of localized decay.
Direct Physical Damage to Tooth Structure
The structural risks associated with tooth gems begin with the application and removal procedures. The initial acid etching, although mild, temporarily demineralizes the enamel surface to facilitate adhesion. Repeated etching for reapplication or prolonged polishing during removal can lead to cumulative enamel loss.
Thinning the enamel compromises the tooth’s natural defense, potentially leading to dental sensitivity, particularly to hot and cold temperatures. The presence of a hard, raised object also creates a risk of chipping or fracture. If the gem is large, biting down on hard objects can exert uneven pressure, leading to a break in the tooth structure.
Another concern is the risk of accidental ingestion or aspiration should the bond fail and the gem become loose. A detached piece can be swallowed or, less commonly, inhaled into the lungs. Furthermore, the constant rubbing of the gem against the soft tissues of the mouth, such as the lips or cheek, can cause localized irritation or small ulcers.
The Impact on Oral Hygiene and Gum Health
A significant risk of tooth gems is their interference with effective oral hygiene, creating an ideal environment for microbial proliferation. The gem and the surrounding adhesive form an irregular surface that acts as a retention site for plaque and food particles. This contour is difficult to clean thoroughly with a toothbrush and floss.
The accumulation of dental plaque promotes the rapid formation of a bacterial biofilm around the margins of the gem. This localized concentration of bacteria increases the risk of demineralization, which precedes a cavity forming beneath or adjacent to the jewel. The area covered by the gem can also experience discoloration or staining due to trapped debris.
The placement of the gem in relation to the gumline directly impacts the health of the soft tissues. If the jewel is bonded too close to the gingival margin, the constant physical presence can irritate the gum tissue. This chronic irritation can trigger gingivitis, characterized by redness, swelling, and bleeding of the gums. Prolonged gingivitis can eventually lead to the detachment of the gum from the tooth surface and gumline recession.
Minimizing Risk Through Professional Care
Mitigating the risks of tooth gems depends on the quality of the materials and the expertise of the technician. It is important to select a licensed dental professional, such as a dentist or registered dental hygienist, for both application and removal. These practitioners utilize medical-grade materials, specifically dental composites and bonding agents, formulated for safe, temporary use within the oral cavity.
DIY kits and applications performed by non-dental personnel often use industrial-grade adhesives, like super glue, which can be toxic and cause permanent chemical damage to the enamel and soft tissues. Professional application ensures the gem is placed correctly, avoiding the gumline and contact points between teeth. Professionals also provide specific aftercare instructions, such as using a soft-bristled toothbrush and avoiding direct biting force on the decorated tooth.
Proper maintenance involves regular dental check-ups to monitor the bond integrity and surrounding tissue health. If a gem becomes loose or causes discomfort, a prompt visit to the dentist allows for safe removal and polishing of the tooth surface. Adhering to these professional standards reduces the chance of enamel erosion, decay, and soft tissue complications.