Understanding the presence and distribution of specific animal species within a state is a common area of public interest, particularly for those concerned with ecological balance and local ecosystems. This interest often extends to non-native species, raising questions about their impact and management.
The Presence of Wild Pigs in Massachusetts
Massachusetts wildlife authorities state there is no established population of wild pigs, also known as feral swine or wild boar, within the state. MassWildlife confirms these animals are not considered a resident species. While wild boars exist in some northern New England states, their presence in Massachusetts has been limited to isolated incidents.
Rare sightings of wild pigs have occurred in Massachusetts. For example, a Russian wild boar was struck by a vehicle in Lancaster in 2008, confirmed as an isolated occurrence, not an established population. These sightings are typically attributed to escaped animals from private holdings or transient individuals from neighboring regions.
The Impacts of Wild Pigs
Where established, wild pigs—a combination of escaped domestic pigs, Eurasian wild boars, and hybrids—pose threats to agricultural and natural environments. They are considered a destructive invasive species due to their rooting, feeding, and wallowing. The U.S. Department of Agriculture estimates wild pigs cause over $1.5 billion in environmental and agricultural damage annually across the United States.
Ecologically, these animals disrupt ecosystems by consuming native vegetation, competing with native wildlife for food resources like acorns, and altering soil composition and water quality. Their rooting, up to 16 inches deep, destroys surface vegetation and increases soil erosion. They also threaten biodiversity by preying on vulnerable species and spreading environmental weeds.
Beyond environmental damage, wild pigs can transmit diseases and parasites to livestock, pets, and humans. They carry at least 30 viral and bacterial diseases and nearly 40 parasites, including swine brucellosis, leptospirosis, E. coli, and pseudorabies. These diseases cause economic losses in agriculture due to reduced productivity, reproductive issues, and increased veterinary costs. Direct contact with feral swine or consuming undercooked meat also poses health risks to humans.
What to Do About Wild Pigs
If a wild pig is sighted, report it to the appropriate authorities. MassWildlife encourages the public to report unusual wildlife sightings, providing specific instructions via email or phone. Details such as location, date, behavior, physical description, photographic evidence, or samples like hair or scat assist wildlife officials in verifying and assessing the situation.
State regulations classify wild pigs as an invasive species due to their potential for ecological and agricultural damage. Unlike common game animals, there are no established hunting seasons or regulations for wild pigs in Massachusetts, as they are not part of the state’s managed wildlife. MassWildlife focuses on preventing the establishment of these populations. The public should not attempt to approach or handle wild pigs due to potential aggression and disease transmission risks.