Seeking accurate information about potentially dangerous wildlife, particularly snakes, is natural. Many people wonder about the presence of venomous snakes, such as water moccasins, in northern states like New Hampshire. Understanding their natural ranges can help alleviate unwarranted fears and promote safe interactions with local wildlife.
Water Moccasins in New Hampshire
Water moccasins, also known as cottonmouths (Agkistrodon piscivorus), are not found in New Hampshire. Despite common misconceptions, this venomous semi-aquatic snake species is not native to the state. Reports of encounters are based on misinformation, as their natural habitat does not extend to this region.
Their Natural Habitats
Cottonmouths are native to the southeastern United States, thriving in warm, moist environments. Their geographic range extends from the Florida Peninsula and southeastern Virginia, west through central and eastern Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Missouri, and north to southern Illinois. These semi-aquatic snakes prefer habitats like swamps, marshes, lakes, ponds, slow-moving streams, and river floodplains, often basking on logs or branches near water. New Hampshire’s colder climate and different wetland types do not support the survival and breeding of cottonmouth populations.
New Hampshire’s Native Snakes
New Hampshire is home to 11 native snake species, most of which are non-venomous and generally harmless to humans. The Northern Watersnake (Nerodia sipedon), a common non-venomous species, is frequently mistaken for the venomous water moccasin due to its aquatic habits and dark coloration.
Northern Watersnakes have brown, gray, or reddish bodies with dark bands or blotches and can grow to about 2 to 4.5 feet long. They are often found near ponds, swamps, and other water bodies, where they prey on fish and amphibians.
Another commonly encountered non-venomous snake is the Eastern Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis). This species is highly variable in color but has three light stripes running down its dark body and is found in various habitats, including woodlands, meadows, and suburban areas.
New Hampshire has only one native venomous snake species, the Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus). This species is critically endangered in the state, with only one known remaining population, making encounters extremely rare. Timber Rattlesnakes are large, thick-bodied snakes, often dark with faint cross-bands, and possess a distinctive rattle at their tail. They prefer rocky, south-facing hillsides in wooded areas for basking and deep crevices for hibernation.