Many people wonder about the presence of dangerous snakes, particularly water moccasins, in Michigan. This concern often stems from misconceptions. Understanding the actual snake species inhabiting Michigan’s diverse aquatic environments helps to dispel myths and promote safety.
Do Water Moccasins Live in Michigan?
Water moccasins, scientifically known as cottonmouths (Agkistrodon piscivorus), are not native to Michigan. Their natural habitat is restricted to the southeastern United States, extending north only to southern Illinois, Indiana, and southeastern Virginia. Michigan’s colder climate and shorter summers do not provide the sustained warmth necessary for these snakes to thrive. While Michigan has abundant lakes, rivers, and wetlands, the specific cypress swamps and heavily vegetated, slow-moving waterways preferred by water moccasins are less common. The confusion often arises from misidentification; many people incorrectly use “water moccasin” as a general term for any snake found in water, leading to harmless native snakes being mistaken for the venomous cottonmouth.
Identifying Michigan’s Water Snakes
The snakes commonly seen in Michigan’s aquatic environments are non-venomous species, primarily the Northern Water Snake (Nerodia sipedon). These snakes are widespread throughout Michigan and are frequently confused with cottonmouths due to their similar appearance and preference for water. Northern Water Snakes range in color from gray, tan, or brown, often with dark bands or blotches that may become less distinct with age. They typically measure between 2 and 4.5 feet long, with some individuals reaching up to 5 feet.
Distinguishing features differentiate Northern Water Snakes from water moccasins. Northern Water Snakes have round pupils and a head only slightly wider than their neck, unlike the more triangular head and slit-like pupils of a cottonmouth. When threatened, a Northern Water Snake may flatten its body and head to appear larger. They can be quite defensive, biting if handled, but their bite is not venomous, though it can bleed due to an anticoagulant in their saliva. Northern Water Snakes are often seen basking on rocks or logs near water and are excellent swimmers, frequently hunting fish and amphibians.
Staying Safe Around Snakes
Most of Michigan’s 17 snake species are harmless and play a beneficial role in the ecosystem. When encountering any snake, observe it from a distance. Snakes generally strike only when threatened, so avoid attempting to handle or harass them. If left alone, Michigan snakes typically move away.
Snakes do not attack, chase, or lunge at people unprovoked. They can only strike approximately one-third of their body length. If you are in an area where snakes might be present, such as wetlands or overgrown areas, wearing appropriate footwear offers protection. Keeping yards clear of overgrown grass, brush, and clutter can deter snakes from lingering near homes.