The water moccasin, also known as the cottonmouth, is a venomous snake primarily found in the southeastern United States. These semi-aquatic reptiles inhabit various freshwater environments, often causing concern for those recreating near water. Many people wonder about the presence of this snake outside its typical range. This article addresses the specific question of whether water moccasins are found in Kansas.
Presence in Kansas
Water moccasins are rarely found in Kansas, with credible records limited to the extreme southeastern corner of the state. Their documented presence is mainly within the Spring River drainage system in eastern Cherokee County. Isolated specimens have been recorded, but there is no strong evidence of established breeding populations across the state.
The preferred habitats for water moccasins include slow-moving water, swamps, marshes, and the edges of ponds or lakes. They often bask on logs or rocks near water sources. Despite their common association with water, they can also venture onto land. Their limited distribution in Kansas means that most reports of water moccasins outside this specific southeastern region are actually misidentifications of other common, non-venomous water snakes.
Identifying Water Moccasins
Identifying a water moccasin requires observing several physical and behavioral characteristics. Water moccasins have a thick, stocky body and a broad, triangular-shaped head that is noticeably wider than their neck. Their eyes feature vertical, cat-like pupils, and they possess heat-sensing pits located between their eyes and nostrils. Adult water moccasins display dark coloration, ranging from olive to dark brown or nearly black, sometimes with faint crossbands that are more prominent in juveniles.
An identifying behavior is their defensive display, where they coil their body and open their mouth wide to reveal a stark white interior, giving them the “cottonmouth” nickname. When swimming, water moccasins float with their entire body on the water’s surface, unlike many non-venomous water snakes that swim with only their head visible. Common non-venomous look-alikes in Kansas, such as the Northern Water Snake or Diamondback Water Snake, have more slender bodies, round pupils, and heads that blend more smoothly into their necks. These harmless snakes also submerge most of their body when swimming.
Encountering a Water Moccasin
Should you encounter a snake that you suspect is a water moccasin, maintaining a safe distance is an important step. Do not approach, handle, or provoke the snake in any way. Water moccasins are not aggressive and will attempt to escape when given the opportunity, biting only if they feel threatened or cornered. Slowly backing away and giving the snake ample space to retreat is the recommended action.
To prevent encounters, watch where you step, especially in marshy or heavily vegetated areas near water. Wearing appropriate footwear, such as closed-toe shoes or boots, can also provide a layer of protection. Avoid reaching into hidden spots like log piles, dense brush, or rock crevices where snakes might be resting. In the unlikely event of a bite, seek immediate medical attention, remain calm, and remove any constricting jewelry or clothing from the affected area.