Vultures are present on Long Island, and their population has been increasing steadily across New York State. These large, dark-feathered birds are specialized scavengers that feed on deceased animals. This service helps prevent the spread of disease within the ecosystem. The expansion of their range means that sightings on Long Island are now regular.
The Vulture Species Found on Long Island
The most common species observed is the Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura), which is widespread across the United States. Although considered rare fifty years ago, the Turkey Vulture population is now well-established and found here year-round. These birds have dark brown-black plumage and an impressive six-foot wingspan, making them the primary residents that clean up local carrion.
The second species, the Black Vulture (Coragyps atratus), is less common and a relative newcomer to the northern part of the state. Black Vultures have been expanding their range northward along the East Coast since the 1940s and are now occasionally sighted on Long Island. Unlike the migratory Turkey Vulture, the Black Vulture is non-migratory and tends to concentrate in the warmer southeastern states.
Where and When Vultures Appear
Turkey Vultures are present across Long Island, but they are often sighted in higher concentrations in the rural areas of eastern Suffolk County. They are frequently seen soaring above wooded areas and open countryside, utilizing thermal updrafts to glide for long periods. Roadsides are common feeding spots, as the birds target roadkill, which provides a reliable food source near human development.
The Turkey Vulture is a year-round resident, but numbers increase during the spring and fall migration periods. Areas with tall trees or abandoned structures, such as parts of Riverhead, serve as preferred roosting sites. The less abundant Black Vulture may be seen alongside the more numerous Turkey Vultures, especially when competing for food.
Distinguishing Between Local Vulture Types
Distinguishing the Turkey Vulture and the Black Vulture is easiest when observing them in flight. The Turkey Vulture holds its wings in a shallow “V” shape, known as a dihedral, and appears to wobble slightly while soaring. The underside of its wings is bicolored, displaying silvery-gray flight feathers that contrast with darker wing coverts.
In contrast, the Black Vulture holds its wings relatively flat while soaring and flaps more frequently than the Turkey Vulture. The Black Vulture’s underwings are mostly dark, with white patches restricted to the tips of the primary feathers. When perched, the adult Turkey Vulture has a featherless red head, while the Black Vulture has a featherless black or dark gray head.