Ticks are often thought to inhabit only deep forests, but they can also be found near the coast. While the open sand of a beach is generally too hot and dry for ticks to survive, the surrounding vegetation and debris can harbor several species. Coastal areas provide the necessary cover, moisture, and host animals that ticks require to thrive. Understanding where these parasites lurk is key to minimizing exposure during a day near the water.
Tick Habitats in Coastal and Beach Ecosystems
Ticks are not found in the surf or on the exposed, wet sand, but they actively populate the transition zones between the beach and the mainland. These arachnids require high humidity to prevent desiccation, which is why they seek refuge in the dense, shaded growth immediately adjacent to the shoreline. The most significant habitat for ticks is the dune grass and shrubbery that stabilize coastal sand dunes.
These vegetated areas serve as ideal “questing” locations where ticks wait on grass blades or low shrubs for a host. Host animals, including deer, rodents, and migratory birds, constantly introduce ticks into these ecosystems. Even the “wrack line”—the band of dried seaweed and debris left by the high tide—can offer a temporary microclimate for shelter. The highest risk areas are the trails, tall grasses, and scrub bordering parking lots or leading to the beach, as these are frequently used by both humans and wildlife.
Identifying Common Coastal Tick Species and Disease Risks
Several tick species have adapted to coastal regions, depending on the geographic area. Along the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts, the Lone Star Tick (Amblyomma americanum) is common, recognizable by the distinct white dot on the female’s back. Bites from this species are associated with Southern Tick-Associated Rash Illness (STARI) and Alpha-gal Syndrome, which causes a severe allergic reaction to red meat.
The Blacklegged Tick (Ixodes scapularis), or deer tick, is present in coastal areas of the Northeast and Midwest. This species is the primary carrier of the bacterium that causes Lyme disease, which can lead to neurological or arthritic issues if untreated. On the Pacific Coast, the Western Black-legged Tick (Ixodes pacificus) is the vector for Lyme disease. The American Dog Tick (Dermacentor variabilis) is also found in coastal grasses and can transmit Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
Essential Prevention Measures for Beachgoers
Minimizing tick exposure requires behavior adjustments while near coastal vegetation. When walking through dunes, marsh edges, or access trails, wear light-colored clothing, which makes ticks easier to spot before they attach. Tucking pant legs into socks and wearing long sleeves creates a physical barrier against ticks attempting to climb onto the skin.
Applying an EPA-registered insect repellent is a powerful layer of protection. Products containing DEET or Picaridin can be applied to exposed skin. Clothing and gear can be treated with 0.5% permethrin, which repels and kills ticks on contact. After leaving vegetated areas, perform a thorough tick check before returning home, focusing on the hairline, ears, armpits, and groin.
A shower taken within two hours of coming indoors can help wash off any unattached ticks before they bite. If an attached tick is found, remove it promptly using fine-tipped tweezers, grasping the tick close to the skin and pulling upward with steady pressure. Placing clothes in a dryer on high heat for at least ten minutes will kill any hitchhiking ticks, even if the clothing is not washed first.