Termites are a common concern for Illinois homeowners, posing a threat to residential properties. Infestations can lead to substantial damage, often going undetected. Understanding these pests, their activity, and protective measures is crucial for home protection.
Common Termite Species in Illinois
The Eastern subterranean termite is the most prevalent and destructive termite species found in Illinois. These termites live in underground colonies, requiring consistent contact with soil to survive. They build intricate tunnel systems to access food sources, primarily cellulose materials such as wood, paper, and cotton. Eastern subterranean termites are active throughout the year, even during colder months, as they can stay warm by burrowing deep into the soil. While less common, drywood and Formosan termites can also be found in Illinois, often transported into the state via infested lumber or items containing cellulose.
Recognizing Termite Activity
Identifying termite activity early can help mitigate potential damage. One of the most visible signs is the presence of mud tubes, which are protective tunnels built by subterranean termites. These tubes, typically brown or tan and about the width of a pencil, are constructed from soil, wood particles, and termite saliva. They allow termites to travel between their underground nests and food sources without exposure to dry air or predators. Mud tubes are commonly found along concrete foundations, walls, or in crawl spaces.
Another indicator of termite presence is damaged wood, which may appear hollowed out or weakened. Infested wood can sound hollow when tapped, and in some cases, surfaces like drywall might show small, pinpoint holes or appear discolored. Peeling paint that resembles water damage or bubbling in paint can also signal termite activity behind walls. Furthermore, the appearance of discarded wings, particularly near windowsills or light sources, indicates a termite swarm has occurred. Termite swarmers, which are winged reproductive termites, are typically dark brown, often emerging in spring or summer to establish new colonies.
Protecting Your Home from Termites
Preventing termite infestations involves managing moisture and eliminating potential food sources around the home. Termites are highly attracted to moisture, so it is important to address leaky pipes, repair faulty air conditioning units, and ensure gutters and downspouts effectively divert water away from the foundation. Reducing humidity in crawl spaces through adequate ventilation also creates a less inviting environment for termites.
Homeowners should minimize wood-to-soil contact around their property. Storing firewood and lumber away from the foundation and off the ground helps remove accessible food sources. Creating a bare soil barrier of 12 to 18 inches around the home’s foundation can also deter termites. Sealing cracks and openings in the foundation and walls with caulk can block common entry points for termites. If termite activity is suspected, contacting a professional pest control service is the recommended course of action. Professional inspections can accurately identify infestations, and specialized treatments are often necessary to effectively eliminate colonies and provide ongoing protection.