Tarantulas are a natural part of the Texas ecosystem, found across the state. These large, hairy spiders are a fascinating component of Texas wildlife, prevalent in grasslands and semi-open areas. They are common, especially in central and western Texas, where their habitats are widespread. Despite their size, tarantulas are generally not a cause for alarm.
Texas Tarantula Species
Texas is home to several tarantula species, with the Texas brown tarantula (Aphonopelma hentzi) being the most common. This species is found throughout the southern United States, including all regions of Texas, and is the only tarantula species in East Texas. Another species, the Texas tan tarantula (Aphonopelma anax), is found in southeastern Texas and northern Mexico. There are at least 14 species of tarantulas in the genus Aphonopelma recorded in Texas.
The Texas brown tarantula typically has a body length of about 1.5 inches (40 mm) and a leg span that can exceed 4 inches (10 cm). Their bodies are generally dark brown, though shades can vary among individuals and become more distinct after molting. The Texas tan tarantula, Aphonopelma anax, is one of the largest tarantulas in the United States, commonly reaching a leg span of 5 inches at maturity, with some females growing up to 6 inches. It shares a similar coloration to Aphonopelma hentzi but is often considerably darker, featuring tan and dark brown shades.
Both species are terrestrial, usually residing in burrows they dig or modify, such as old rodent burrows, natural crevices, or spaces under logs and stones. They line these shelters with silk and place silk lines near the entrance to detect prey.
Living with Texas Tarantulas
Texas tarantulas are docile and non-aggressive. When disturbed, their instinct is to retreat and hide rather than confront a threat. However, if cornered or threatened, they may adopt a defensive posture, rearing up on their hind legs and extending their front legs. They may also flick specialized hairs, known as urticating hairs, from their abdomen using their hind legs. These hairs can cause irritation to the skin or eyes of an attacker.
Tarantula bites are uncommon and not medically significant to humans. The effect of a bite is often compared to a bee sting, resulting in localized pain, redness, and swelling. While the venom is not dangerous to humans, a puncture wound from their fangs can be painful, and secondary infection is possible if not properly treated.
If a tarantula is encountered, remain calm and observe it from a distance. If one enters a home, it can be gently covered with a glass or container, and a piece of paper slid underneath to safely move the spider outdoors. Avoid handling tarantulas in the wild to prevent stress to the spider and potential defensive reactions.