Tarantulas are found in Puerto Rico, which is home to native species of these arachnids. While their appearance may seem imposing, Puerto Rico’s tarantulas are reclusive and play a role in the local ecosystem. Understanding their characteristics and behaviors can help promote coexistence with the island’s wildlife.
Puerto Rico’s Native Tarantulas
Puerto Rico is home to at least two native tarantula species, including the Puerto Rican Brown Tarantula (Cyrtopholis portoricae). This terrestrial spider measures 3 to 5 inches in leg span and has a dark brown body covered in setae. Despite poor eyesight, these tarantulas are nocturnal predators, using sensitive hairs to detect vibrations from prey like insects and small frogs. Females can live up to five years, while males survive for 1 to 1.5 years.
Another native species is the Puerto Rican Pinktoe Tarantula (Caribena laeta). Unlike its terrestrial counterpart, this arboreal species lives in trees. The Pinktoe Tarantula builds silken retreats within tree crevices and is known for its docile yet skittish nature. Females have a longer lifespan, reaching 10 to 12 years, while males live for 3 to 4 years. Both species contribute to the island’s biodiversity by regulating populations of smaller organisms.
Tarantula Habitats on the Island
Puerto Rico’s tarantulas inhabit lush forests and humid environments, blending into undergrowth and rocky crevices. The terrestrial Puerto Rican Brown Tarantula constructs burrows in the ground, often lining entrances with silk for concealment. They are opportunistic burrowers, sometimes utilizing holes abandoned by other small animals. These environments provide shelter from predators and a plentiful supply of prey.
These ground-dwelling tarantulas are found in subtropical climates and rainforest understories. In contrast, the arboreal Puerto Rican Pinktoe Tarantula thrives in tropical rainforests, creating silken tunnels among branches and leaves. These elevated retreats offer security and serve as safe spaces for molting. While tarantulas are predominantly active at night, male Puerto Rican Brown Tarantulas may occasionally be seen wandering during daylight in late summer, searching for mates.
Encountering Tarantulas
Encountering a tarantula in Puerto Rico is possible, especially in natural, undisturbed areas. These spiders are shy and non-aggressive, preferring to avoid confrontation. They are nocturnal hunters, most active during the night, which reduces the likelihood of daytime encounters. If a tarantula feels threatened or cornered, it may bite in defense.
A bite from a native Puerto Rican tarantula is typically not considered medically significant for humans. It is often described as feeling similar to a mild bee sting and is generally harmless. Some tarantula species, including those in Puerto Rico, also possess urticating hairs on their abdomen, which they can flick as a defense mechanism. These barbed hairs can cause irritation to the eyes, nose, or skin upon contact. Should you encounter a tarantula, observing it from a distance is advisable, allowing the spider to continue its natural activities undisturbed.