Tarantulas are among the largest spiders in the world, characterized by their size and dense covering of hair. For residents and visitors to the Houston area, the question of whether these arachnids share their space is reasonable. The answer is yes; tarantulas are found throughout the greater Houston region and across much of Texas. They are a natural part of the local ecosystem, though encounters with them are typically infrequent and mostly harmless.
Confirming the Presence in the Houston Area
The primary species encountered is the Texas Brown Tarantula (Aphonopelma hentzi). This species covers the entire state of Texas, including the Gulf Coast and the Houston metropolitan area. While less common in the dense urban core, they are established in suburban areas, surrounding counties, and local nature parks where natural grasslands persist.
These spiders favor habitats with dry, well-drained soil, such as grasslands and open woodlands, which are plentiful surrounding Houston. Their activity becomes noticeable during “tarantula season,” which peaks from late August through October. During this time, mature males emerge from their burrows to search for mates. This wandering behavior is why they are most often seen crossing roads and venturing into residential yards.
Identifying the Texas Brown Tarantula
The Texas Brown Tarantula is recognizable due to its considerable size and dark brown coloration. Adults typically have a leg span up to five inches, making it the largest spider by weight in the state. Their coloring is generally dark brown, though appearance can vary depending on when they last molted.
Females are noticeably larger than males and possess remarkable longevity, often living for 20 to 35 years. Males have a much shorter adult lifespan, usually surviving only a few months after reaching maturity. These tarantulas are burrowing spiders, digging silk-lined retreats or occupying abandoned rodent burrows for shelter. They primarily feed on insects like beetles and crickets, ambushing prey that passes by their entrance.
Behavior and Safety Concerns
Despite their size, the Texas Brown Tarantula is a docile and non-aggressive species. They are shy and nocturnal, preferring to remain hidden in their burrows, emerging only to hunt or mate. When threatened, their first defense is typically to flee or rear up in a warning posture. They possess two main defense mechanisms: a bite and urticating hairs.
A bite is rare and usually occurs only if the spider feels severely provoked. Their venom is mild and not dangerous to humans, with the pain often compared to a bee sting. The more common defense involves urticating hairs, which are barbed bristles on their abdomen. When threatened, the spider kicks these hairs into the air, which can cause a rash, itching, or inflammation if they enter the eyes or respiratory passages. The safest approach is to leave the tarantula alone, or gently usher it outside using a container and a piece of paper if found indoors.