Grizzly bears are no longer found in the wild landscapes of Colorado, having been extirpated from the state after decades of decline. The American black bear is now the only bear species inhabiting Colorado’s forests and mountains. These animals are widespread, and encounters are common for residents and visitors exploring natural areas.
Historical Presence of Grizzlies
Grizzly bears once roamed extensively across Colorado, particularly throughout the western three-fifths of the state. They were common in regions like the San Juan and Sangre de Cristo Mountains before the turn of the 20th century. The last confirmed wild grizzly bear in Colorado was killed in 1979 in the San Juan Mountains near Pagosa Springs.
Factors Leading to Extirpation
The disappearance of grizzly bears from Colorado resulted from human-induced pressures. Unregulated hunting decimated their populations, particularly between 1850 and 1920. As human populations expanded, habitat loss also played a substantial role through the development of agriculture, ranching, and timber industries. Grizzlies were often perceived as a threat to human safety and livestock, leading to extensive eradication efforts.
Current Bear Species in Colorado
Today, the American black bear (Ursus americanus) is the sole bear species present in Colorado. Colorado Parks and Wildlife estimates the statewide black bear population to be between 17,000 and 20,000 animals. These bears inhabit virtually every forested area, including high mountain forests, riparian areas, and sometimes venturing into suburban environments. Black bears are omnivores, with their diet primarily consisting of plants, berries, nuts, and insects, though they are opportunistic and can be attracted to human food sources. They are generally shy and prefer to avoid human contact, often running away when surprised.
Distinguishing Bear Species
While grizzly bears are not found in Colorado, understanding the differences between bear species can be useful.
Grizzly bears have a noticeable shoulder hump between their front shoulders, which is absent in black bears.
Grizzlies typically have a “dished” or concave face, while black bears possess a straighter profile from their forehead to their nose.
Grizzly bears have longer, straighter claws adapted for digging, whereas black bears have shorter, more curved claws better suited for climbing trees.
Grizzlies have smaller, more rounded ears compared to the black bear’s larger, more pointed ears.