Squirrels are a common sight across Texas, contributing to the state’s diverse wildlife. This region supports a variety of squirrel species, each adapted to different environments. From the dense woodlands of East Texas to the arid landscapes of the west, these adaptable rodents have established a significant presence. Their widespread distribution makes them familiar animals in both rural and urban settings.
Types of Squirrels Found in Texas
Texas is home to several squirrel categories: tree squirrels, ground squirrels, and flying squirrels. Tree squirrels include the Eastern Fox Squirrel and the Eastern Gray Squirrel. The Eastern Fox Squirrel, larger, displays gray and black fur with an orange underside and is widespread across the eastern two-thirds of Texas. The Eastern Gray Squirrel, smaller with grayish fur and a pale underside, is primarily found in East Texas.
Ground squirrels include species like the Thirteen-lined Ground Squirrel, recognized by its distinctive stripes and spots. The Rock Squirrel, though a ground-dweller, can climb trees and varies in color depending on its Texas region. The Texas Antelope Squirrel has a white stripe along its sides and thrives in arid, desert environments. Southern Flying Squirrels, North America’s only nocturnal squirrel species, are smaller and possess a membrane for gliding between trees.
Where to Find Squirrels in Texas
Texas squirrels demonstrate adaptability, thriving in various habitats from expansive forests to urban green spaces. The Eastern Fox Squirrel prefers open woodlands, especially with mature oak and nut-bearing trees, and is abundant in the eastern two-thirds of the state. Eastern Gray Squirrels inhabit dense bottomland forests and swamp-like areas along streams, predominantly in East Texas. Their presence extends into suburban and urban environments with suitable tree cover.
Ground-dwelling species occupy different niches across the state. Rock Squirrels are primarily found in rocky terrains like cliffs, canyon walls, and boulder piles, common in the Hill Country and West Texas. The Thirteen-lined Ground Squirrel favors open, grassy areas like pastures, golf courses, and parks, avoiding heavily wooded regions. The Texas Antelope Squirrel prefers southwestern Texas deserts, favoring rocky, sparsely vegetated areas. Southern Flying Squirrels are found primarily in mature forests east of Interstate 35, using abundant tree cavities for dens.
Coexisting with Texas Squirrels
Texas squirrels exhibit diverse behaviors related to foraging, nesting, and communication. Their diet primarily consists of nuts, seeds, fruits, and insects, though they also consume buds, green shoots, and fungi. Fox squirrels, for example, rely on acorns and other nuts, burying them for later retrieval using their keen sense of smell. This practice plays a role in tree seed dispersal, contributing to forest regeneration.
Squirrels are most active during early morning and late afternoon, spending time climbing, foraging, and building nests. They construct nests, known as dreys, from leaves and twigs in tree branches, or use natural tree hollows for shelter. Vocalizations, such as chattering and chirping, are common communication, especially during mating seasons when males are more active and vocal. To minimize conflicts, securing trash cans and avoiding hand-feeding helps maintain a respectful distance.