There are squirrels in Ireland, with two main types populating the island: the native Red Squirrel and the introduced Grey Squirrel.
Red and Grey Squirrels in Ireland
Red squirrels in Ireland are smaller, typically weighing around 350 grams and measuring 18-24 cm in body length, excluding their bushy tail. They have reddish-brown fur, which can vary in shade, and distinctive ear tufts that become more prominent in winter. These agile creatures spend most of their time foraging within the tree canopy, preferring coniferous, deciduous, and mixed woodlands.
Grey squirrels are larger and more robust, with adults weighing between 400 and 710 grams and having a body length of 24-28.5 cm. Their fur is predominantly silver-grey, though it can show reddish or brownish tinges, especially in summer. Unlike red squirrels, they lack ear tufts and are frequently observed foraging on the ground, inhabiting deciduous or mixed woodlands, parks, and urban areas.
The Grey Squirrel’s Arrival and Impact
The Grey Squirrel was introduced to Ireland in 1911 at Castle Forbes in County Longford from North America. This single release is believed to be the source of the current population. From this initial release, the species expanded its range significantly, covering much of the eastern half of the island over the last century.
The Grey Squirrel’s arrival has had a substantial ecological impact on native Red Squirrel populations. Grey squirrels outcompete red squirrels for food resources, as their digestive systems can process unripe seeds and nuts that red squirrels cannot. They also carry the squirrel pox virus, which is usually fatal to red squirrels but harmless to grey squirrels. This disease has been a primary factor in the decline of red squirrel numbers where grey squirrels have become established.
Protecting Ireland’s Native Red Squirrels
Conservation efforts in Ireland focus on protecting native Red Squirrels from invasive Grey Squirrels. These efforts include habitat management, promoting diverse tree species in woodlands to ensure a consistent food supply for reds. Red squirrels are protected under the Wildlife Act (1976) and Wildlife (Amendment) Acts (2000 & 2010) in the Republic of Ireland, and the Wildlife (N.I.) Order of 1985 in Northern Ireland.
Grey squirrel control programs are also implemented in certain areas to reduce competition and the spread of squirrel pox. The European pine marten, a native predator, has become an ally in red squirrel recovery; its increasing population in some regions has been linked to a decline in grey squirrel numbers. Public awareness campaigns also inform people about the species differences and conservation importance.
Where to See Squirrels in Ireland
Red squirrels can be found in various woodlands across Ireland, particularly in areas with good tree cover. The west of Ireland remains a stronghold for the species, and they have been increasingly observed in counties like Cork and Wicklow. They prefer coniferous forests but can also be seen in mixed woodlands and large gardens.
Grey squirrels are widespread, especially in the central and eastern counties, including urban areas. They are commonly seen in deciduous woodlands, parks, and even gardens in cities like Dublin. Observing squirrels is often best during the early morning or late afternoon when they are most active.