Snakes are present in Wisconsin, coexisting with its diverse wildlife. While many people have concerns, the vast majority of snake species found in the state are not venomous. These animals play an important role in the local ecosystem, helping to control rodent populations. Understanding the types of snakes in Wisconsin can help foster coexistence and reduce apprehension.
An Overview of Wisconsin’s Snakes
Wisconsin is home to approximately 21 to 22 different snake species. This variety includes a wide range of sizes and appearances. Most are harmless to humans, relying on camouflage or fleeing when approached, and inhabit diverse environments across the state, from forests and prairies to wetlands and suburban areas.
Snakes contribute significantly to the state’s natural communities as both predators and prey. They consume various small animals like rodents, insects, and amphibians, which helps maintain ecological balance. Many snake populations in Wisconsin have declined due to habitat loss and human persecution.
The Venomous Species
Only two snake species in Wisconsin are venomous: the Timber Rattlesnake and the Eastern Massasauga. Both are rattlesnakes, identifiable by the characteristic rattle at the end of their tails. These venomous snakes are rare and primarily found in specific regions.
The Timber Rattlesnake is the larger of the two, typically ranging from 36 to 56 inches in length. Their coloration varies from yellow or rust-orange to brown or gray, marked with dark bands and a black tail. They are most often found in the rugged, rocky bluffs and river valleys of southwestern Wisconsin, particularly along the Wisconsin and Mississippi Rivers. This species is considered a “Special Concern” and a protected wild animal, often preferring to avoid human interaction.
The Eastern Massasauga is smaller, typically measuring between 20 and 32 inches long, with a stout body. Their background color is often tan or gray with large, brown-black blotches and a dark, unpatterned belly. This species is highly endangered in Wisconsin and federally listed as threatened. Eastern Massasaugas prefer wetland habitats such as wet meadows, marshes, and floodplains, mainly in central and western Wisconsin, making encounters uncommon due to their rarity and reclusive nature.
Encountering Wisconsin’s Snakes
Most snakes in Wisconsin are non-venomous and pose no threat to humans. Common non-venomous species include the Eastern Garter Snake, which is widespread, the Western Fox Snake, known for its yellowish body and dark blotches, and the Eastern Milk Snake, often recognized by its red-brown blotches. The Common Water Snake, frequently seen near water bodies, is often mistaken for the venomous cottonmouth, which is not found in Wisconsin.
If you encounter a snake, observe it from a distance and leave it undisturbed. Snakes only bite if they feel threatened, are cornered, or handled. If a snake is found inside a home, contact a professional wildlife removal service for safe relocation.
Should a snakebite occur, especially from a suspected venomous snake, seek immediate medical attention by calling 911. While waiting for medical help, remain calm, move away from the snake, and keep the bitten area still. Remove any jewelry or tight clothing near the bite before swelling begins, and clean the wound gently with soap and water. Avoid attempting to cut the wound, apply a tourniquet, or try to remove the venom, as these actions can cause further harm.