Snakes are a natural and common presence across Utah’s diverse ecosystems, inhabiting areas from low-elevation valleys to high mountain slopes. Utah is home to numerous species, ranging from harmless garter snakes found near water sources to various species of rattlesnakes. Understanding the native snake population is essential for safely enjoying the outdoors. This guide covers the snakes you may encounter and methods for safe coexistence.
The Diversity of Non-Venomous Snakes
The majority of snakes encountered in Utah are non-venomous and pose no threat to humans. The Great Basin Gopher Snake is widespread, often found in grasslands, woodlands, and desert areas below 7,000 feet. This large snake typically has a light base color with a pattern of dark blotches. It is frequently mistaken for a rattlesnake because it mimics it by hissing loudly and vibrating its tail when threatened.
Another common non-venomous snake is the Garter Snake, often found near water features like ponds, streams, and marshes. The Wandering Garter Snake subspecies displays a brown or grayish base color with a light stripe down its back and sides. The Utah Mountain Kingsnake, found in rocky terrain, features a distinctive tri-color pattern of alternating red, black, and white bands. Kingsnakes are powerful constrictors that primarily prey on rodents, lizards, and other snakes.
Focus on Utah’s Rattlesnakes
Utah is home to several rattlesnake species, all of which are pit vipers identifiable by their triangular heads and heat-sensing facial pits. The most common species is the Great Basin Rattlesnake, which occupies the western half of the state, including arid foothills, semidesert shrublands, and rocky canyons. These snakes typically blend into their environment with a base color of pale gray, brown, or tan, overlaid with dark, diamond-shaped blotches.
The presence of a rattle serves as the most distinct warning sign. Rattlesnakes emerge from their winter dens as temperatures rise and are most active during the late spring and early summer. They are crepuscular, meaning their activity peaks during the cooler hours of dawn and dusk, especially when daytime temperatures are high. They prefer rocky outcrops, ledges, and crevices for shelter and basking.
Safety and Prevention When Outdoors
Minimizing the risk of a snake encounter requires vigilance and awareness, especially when hiking or recreating in areas like rocky slopes or tall brush. Always wear sturdy, over-the-ankle boots, as many bites occur on the lower leg or foot. When moving through natural terrain, consistently watch where you place your feet and hands. Never reach into dense vegetation, dark crevices, or under rocks and logs without first visually confirming the area is clear.
If you encounter a rattlesnake, remain calm and slowly back away, maintaining a distance of at least ten feet. Never attempt to handle, harass, or kill a snake, as defensive bites often occur during these actions.
In the unfortunate event of a bite, call 911 immediately and seek professional medical attention. While waiting for help, remove any constricting items like rings or jewelry from the affected limb, as swelling will occur rapidly.
Do not attempt outdated first aid methods such as applying a tourniquet, cutting the wound, or trying to suck out the venom. These actions are ineffective and can cause further tissue damage. Keep the bitten area at or slightly below the level of the heart, and restrict movement to reduce the rate at which venom spreads. The priority is to get to a hospital quickly for treatment with antivenom.