Portugal’s Native Snake Inhabitants
Portugal is home to a variety of snake species, most of which are non-venomous and pose no threat to humans. The Montpellier snake (Malpolon monspessulanus) is a common sight and one of Europe’s largest snakes, potentially reaching up to 2 meters in length. Despite its size, it is generally harmless to humans, though it possesses rear fangs and a mild venom used for prey. Other non-venomous species include the Ladder snake (Rhinechis scalaris), identifiable by its distinctive ladder-like markings, the Viperine water snake (Natrix maura), often found near water bodies, and the Horseshoe whip snake (Hemorrhois hippocrepis).
Among the venomous snakes, Portugal hosts the Lataste’s Viper (Vipera latastei) and Seoane’s Viper (Vipera seoanei). Lataste’s Viper is characterized by a small horn-like appendage on its snout and a zigzag pattern along its back, with venom that is cytotoxic but rarely fatal to humans. Seoane’s Viper, also known as the Baskian Viper, prefers moist, warm habitats. While their bites can be painful and require medical attention, these vipers are generally shy and avoid human contact. Another species, the Iberian False Smooth Snake, is technically venomous due to rear fangs, but its venom is too weak and its mouth too small to harm humans.
Where Snakes are Found
Snakes in Portugal inhabit a diverse range of environments. They are frequently encountered in rural areas, including forests, shrublands, and grasslands. Rocky hillsides and sandy patches also provide suitable habitats.
Many snakes, such as the Montpellier snake, are found across various habitats from coastal regions to woodlands, and even in agricultural fields. Water-loving species like the Viperine water snake and Iberian grass snake are commonly found near lakes, ponds, and rivers. While some species like Lataste’s Viper prefer sunny, less inhabited areas, including coastal dunes and open forests, others like Seoane’s Viper can be found in forest clearings and the edges of meadows.
Safe Practices Around Snakes
Exercising caution in natural environments can help minimize encounters with snakes. When hiking or exploring, staying on marked paths and wearing appropriate footwear, such as closed-toe shoes or boots, offers protection. Avoiding walking through tall grass, dense underbrush, or areas with loose rocks also reduces the likelihood of surprising a snake. Always inspect areas before sitting down, especially in sunny, rocky spots where snakes might bask.
If a snake is encountered, maintaining a safe distance is important. Do not attempt to approach, provoke, or handle the snake, as most bites occur when individuals try to interact with them. Allow the snake to move away on its own; they prefer to retreat from human presence. In the rare event of a snakebite, seeking immediate medical attention is necessary.