Snakes are found in Montana, where diverse ecosystems like grasslands, prairies, mountains, and riparian areas provide environments for several species. Understanding which types reside in Montana and how to interact with them responsibly is important. This article explores common snake species and provides guidance for safe encounters.
Common Snake Species in Montana
Montana is home to ten native snake species, with the vast majority being non-venomous. The garter snake, gopher snake, and North American racer are among the most frequently encountered non-venomous types. Garter snakes are identified by their distinctive yellow, orange, or green stripes. They are found near water sources, range from 16 to 43 inches in length, and feed on insects, slugs, and small amphibians.
Gopher Snakes
Gopher snakes, also known as bullsnakes, are Montana’s longest snakes, reaching three to seven feet. They have a yellowish or pale brown body with large, dark brown or black blotches. Found in prairies and grasslands, these constrictors consume rodents and can mimic rattlesnakes by hissing loudly and vibrating their tail when threatened.
North American Racers
North American racers are slender snakes, greenish-gray or olive with a yellow belly, up to five feet long. These fast-moving snakes are active during the day and inhabit open environments like grasslands and agricultural fields. Racers prey on insects, small mammals, and other reptiles.
The only venomous snake native to Montana is the prairie rattlesnake. These pit vipers are pale green to brown with dark blotches along their backs, which often merge into rings on their tails. Prairie rattlesnakes have a distinctive triangular head, a heat-sensing pit between their eye and nostril, and a rattle. They inhabit open, arid areas, ponderosa pine stands, rocky outcrops, or mixed grass-coniferous forests below 6,500 feet elevation. Prairie rattlesnakes are defensive; bites often occur when they are accidentally stepped on or provoked.
Encountering Snakes Safely
Encountering a snake in Montana requires a calm and respectful approach for safety. If you encounter a snake, stop immediately and maintain a safe distance, at least 15 to 20 feet. Never attempt to touch, capture, or provoke a snake, as most bites occur when individuals try to interact with them. When hiking or spending time outdoors, remain vigilant and watch your surroundings, especially in areas with tall grass, rocky ledges, or dense brush where snakes might hide. Wearing closed-toed shoes or boots that extend above the ankle can provide protection against accidental bites.
Deterring Snakes
Around homes and properties, measures deter snakes. Keeping lawns mowed and clearing away debris such as woodpiles, rock piles, and trash reduces hiding spots and food sources like rodents. Sealing cracks and openings larger than a quarter-inch in foundations, around pipes, and under doors can prevent snakes from entering buildings.
Snakebite First Aid
In the rare event of a snakebite, especially from a suspected prairie rattlesnake, seek immediate medical attention by calling 911. While waiting for help, remain calm, gently wash the bite area with soap and water, and remove any constricting items like rings or watches. Avoid harmful remedies such as cutting the wound, applying ice, or attempting to suck out the venom, as these actions can worsen the outcome.