Are There Snakes in Minnesota?
Seventeen snake species call Minnesota home. The vast majority are not dangerous to humans and contribute significantly to the local ecosystem, helping control rodent populations and maintain ecological balance.
Common Snake Species in Minnesota
Minnesota hosts a variety of non-venomous snake species. The Eastern Garter Snake and Plains Garter Snake are common and adaptable, often found in gardens, parks, and near water sources. These snakes are docile and primarily feed on earthworms, slugs, and small amphibians. Western Fox Snakes, with their patterned bodies, inhabit agricultural areas, grasslands, and woodlands.
The Eastern Milk Snake, known for its distinctive blotches, is a non-venomous constrictor. Smooth Green Snakes, Minnesota’s only entirely green snake, are small and blend seamlessly into grassy environments. Eastern Hognose Snakes are unique for their upturned snouts and dramatic defensive displays, including hissing and playing dead, though they are harmless and primarily consume toads.
The state is home to one primary venomous snake, the Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus), which is quite rare and protected. The Eastern Massasauga is also venomous but extremely rare in Minnesota, with no known breeding populations. The Timber Rattlesnake averages 30 to 60 inches in length and has a heavy body with dark crossbands.
Where Snakes are Found in Minnesota
Snakes in Minnesota occupy diverse habitats. Garter snakes are widespread and found in a range of environments, including forests, meadows, wetlands, and urban areas. Western Fox Snakes prefer dryer habitats such as grasslands and agricultural fields, often near abandoned buildings. Eastern Hognose Snakes are typically found in sandy soils, preferring open woodlands or forest edges.
The Timber Rattlesnake, the state’s most prominent venomous species, has a restricted distribution in southeastern Minnesota. They typically inhabit forested bluffs, south-facing rock outcrops, and bluff prairies, particularly within the Mississippi River Valley. These specific locations provide essential overwintering dens and summer foraging grounds. While males and non-gravid females might travel further, pregnant females tend to stay closer to den sites, utilizing open, rocky areas for warmth.
Identifying Venomous Snakes
Identifying the Timber Rattlesnake is important for safety. The most distinguishing feature is the characteristic rattle at the end of its tail. These snakes also possess a broad, triangular head. Their eyes have vertical, cat-like pupils, and they have sensory pits.
Timber Rattlesnakes display dark brown or black chevron-shaped bands along their body, often with a rusty brown stripe down the back. Many harmless snakes can vibrate their tails to mimic a rattle, but true rattlesnakes hold their rattle upright when sounding a warning. If encountering a snake, maintain a safe distance and never attempt to handle or provoke it. Bites are rare and usually occur when a snake feels threatened or is mishandled.