Maine is home to a variety of snake species that contribute significantly to environmental balance by regulating insect and rodent populations. While encounters with snakes can sometimes be surprising, the vast majority of these reptiles are harmless to humans. Understanding Maine’s snake population can help foster coexistence and appreciation for these often-misunderstood animals.
Native Snake Species of Maine
Maine is home to nine distinct snake species, all of which are non-venomous. Unlike some other states, Maine currently has no native venomous snakes. The Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus), once found in the state, has been extirpated, meaning native populations have been removed.
The Common Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis) is found throughout Maine. These adaptable snakes grow up to four feet long and feed on earthworms, amphibians, and fish.
The Eastern Milk Snake (Lampropeltis triangulum) is another widespread species, typically measuring two to three feet. This secretive, often nocturnal snake has a gray or tan body with reddish-brown blotches and a distinctive checkerboard pattern on its belly. When threatened, milk snakes may vibrate their tails, which can sound like a rattlesnake if leaves are present, but they are not venomous.
The Northern Water Snake (Nerodia sipedon) is Maine’s only water snake, commonly inhabiting southern and central regions. These thick-bodied snakes range from two to four feet in length and are typically brown, gray, or tan with dark bands. Northern Water Snakes can bite if provoked, which may cause injury and risk of infection.
Other species include the Eastern Ribbon Snake, Smooth Green Snake, and Ring-necked Snake.
Common Habitats and Distribution
Maine’s snakes occupy a variety of environments, including dense forests, open meadows, and wetlands. Many species are adaptable and can be found in diverse settings, such as suburban areas and gardens. They often seek shelter under rocks, logs, and debris piles.
Snakes are ectothermic, relying on their surroundings to regulate body temperature. They often bask in sunny spots like rocks or paved surfaces. During colder months, they hibernate in protected locations such as underground burrows, rock crevices, or beneath stumps and logs. While some species, like the Common Garter Snake, are found statewide, others, such as the Eastern Milk Snake and Northern Water Snake, are more concentrated in southern and central Maine.
Encountering Snakes Safely
Observe snakes from a distance and avoid any attempt to handle or provoke them. Snakes prefer to avoid human interaction and will only strike if they feel threatened or cornered.
If a snake is found in a residential area or inside a building, remain calm and contain it in one room if possible. Close the door and place a towel under the gap to prevent its movement. For safe removal, contact local wildlife authorities or professional animal control services. They possess the expertise to handle such situations humanely and ensure the snake is relocated appropriately.