The Presence of Snakes in Georgia
Georgia is home to diverse wildlife, including a significant population of snakes. The state has approximately 47 native snake species, inhabiting various ecosystems from the mountains to the coastal plains and barrier islands. These reptiles are an integrated part of Georgia’s natural environment, found in forests, wetlands, and suburban areas.
Snakes contribute to the ecological balance by serving as both predators and prey. They control populations of rodents and insects, which benefits both natural and agricultural settings. Their presence helps maintain the health of various habitats.
Distinguishing Georgia’s Snake Species
Most snake species found in Georgia are not venomous. Recognizing key characteristics helps differentiate harmless snakes from the few venomous species present. While some non-venomous snakes may mimic venomous ones in appearance or behavior, distinct features exist.
Non-venomous species include black racers, corn snakes, garter snakes, and eastern kingsnakes. These snakes typically have round pupils and a rounded head shape, unlike the triangular heads of pit vipers. Many non-venomous species, such as the eastern rat snake and black racer, vibrate their tails when threatened, which can be mistaken for a rattlesnake’s warning.
Georgia is home to six venomous snake species. These include the Copperhead, Cottonmouth (also known as Water Moccasin), Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake, Timber Rattlesnake, Pigmy Rattlesnake, and Eastern Coral Snake. Pit vipers (Copperhead, Cottonmouth, and all rattlesnakes) possess a triangular head, elliptical pupils, and heat-sensing pits between their eyes and nostrils.
The Copperhead has a copper-colored head and hourglass-shaped bands, wider on the sides and narrower along the back. Cottonmouths are found near water and typically have a dark body, though patterns can vary, and they may display the white, cotton-like interior of their mouth when threatened.
Rattlesnakes (Eastern Diamondback, Timber, and Pigmy) are characterized by a segmented rattle at the end of their tail, though its size and presence can vary. Eastern Diamondbacks are large with distinct diamond-shaped patterns, while Timber Rattlesnakes have dark, V-shaped bands.
The Eastern Coral Snake is slender and brightly colored with alternating red, yellow, and black bands. A common rhyme helps differentiate it from similar-looking non-venomous snakes: “Red touch yellow, deadly fellow; red touch black, venom lack.”
Safe Practices Around Snakes
Encountering a snake in Georgia is possible, and knowing how to react safely is important. If a snake is observed, maintain a safe distance and avoid handling, provoking, or harming it. Snakes bite only when threatened or cornered, preferring to flee from human interaction. Slowly backing away and giving the snake space allows it to move away naturally.
To reduce snake encounters around a home, several preventive measures can be implemented. Clearing brush, tall grass, and piles of logs or rocks eliminates potential hiding spots for snakes and their prey. Sealing cracks or openings in foundations and around pipes can prevent snakes from entering structures. Removing potential food sources, such as controlling rodent populations and not leaving pet food outdoors, can also deter snakes.
In the rare event of a snakebite, seek immediate medical attention. While waiting for professional help, remain calm and keep the bitten area still and below the heart. Remove any constricting items like rings or jewelry from the affected limb before swelling begins. Avoid actions such as cutting the wound, attempting to suck out venom, applying a tourniquet, or using ice, as these can cause further harm.