Washington State’s diverse marine environments are home to various shark species. These animals are an integral part of the region’s aquatic ecosystems, inhabiting the deeper Pacific Ocean waters off the coast and the intricate waterways of Puget Sound.
Shark Species in Washington
Washington’s waters host numerous shark species. The spiny dogfish is the most abundant in Puget Sound and along the coast, typically growing to 2.5 to 3.5 feet. Bluntnose sixgill sharks are also prevalent, dwelling in deep waters, though juveniles are seen in shallower Puget Sound areas. These large sharks can reach 18 feet long and weigh over 1,300 pounds.
Other frequently found species include the broadnose sevengill shark, recognized by its seven gill slits, and the salmon shark, sometimes mistaken for a great white. Blue sharks inhabit the open ocean off Washington’s coast. Common thresher sharks, identifiable by their long, whip-like tails, also visit these coastal waters.
Less common species include the Pacific sleeper shark, Pacific angel shark, and the massive filter-feeding basking shark, which can grow up to 45 feet but primarily consumes zooplankton. Great white sharks are transient visitors.
Where Washington’s Sharks Live
Sharks are distributed across Washington’s marine environments. The outer coast, facing the Pacific Ocean, is home to pelagic species like blue, salmon, and common thresher sharks. Transient great white sharks also occasionally approach these coastal waters. The Strait of Juan de Fuca and Puget Sound host species adapted to inland waters.
Puget Sound, a deep fjord-like estuary, provides habitat for several species, particularly the abundant spiny dogfish. Bluntnose sixgill sharks are regularly observed in its deep basins, with some research suggesting the Sound acts as a nursery area for juveniles. Broadnose sevengill and Pacific sleeper sharks are also present in Puget Sound’s depths. Sharks are saltwater creatures and are not found in Washington’s freshwater rivers or lakes.
Shark Encounters and Safety
Encounters between sharks and humans in Washington State are exceedingly rare. Historical records indicate only two unprovoked shark attacks, both non-fatal and occurring in Grays Harbor. The most recent incident was in 2017, involving a great white shark.
Sharks generally do not seek out humans as prey. When in marine waters, be aware of your surroundings and avoid swimming during dawn, dusk, or night, as many sharks are more active then. Avoiding areas with significant fish activity, such as bait balls or where people are fishing, can also reduce the likelihood of an encounter. If a shark is sighted, remain calm, avoid sudden movements, and slowly exit the water while maintaining eye contact.
Protecting Washington’s Sharks
Sharks play an important role in maintaining the health and balance of marine ecosystems. As apex predators, they help regulate populations of other marine species, contributing to overall ocean vitality. Recognizing their ecological significance, Washington State has taken steps to protect shark populations.
In 2011, the state banned the trade of shark fins, aiming to curb the global practice of shark finning which has severely impacted shark numbers worldwide. Conservation efforts also address the vulnerability of certain species, such as the bluntnose sixgill and broadnose sevengill sharks, listed as “species of greatest conservation concern” due to factors like slow growth and late maturity.