Sharks are present in the ocean surrounding Waikiki. Their presence does not automatically signify danger, as sharks play an integral role in Hawaii’s marine ecosystem. Understanding common shark species and their behaviors can help visitors appreciate the ocean environment. While sightings can occur, their daily presence near popular swimming areas of Waikiki Beach does not typically pose a threat to human activity.
Shark Species Near Waikiki
Hawaiian waters host around 40 different shark species, with about eight commonly found in nearshore areas. Among these, reef sharks like the whitetip reef shark and blacktip reef shark are frequently sighted. Whitetip reef sharks, typically 5 to 6 feet long, are often seen resting in caves during the day and are generally non-aggressive nocturnal hunters. Blacktip reef sharks, identifiable by their dark fin tips, usually swim closer to shore in shallow lagoons and coastal waters, growing up to 6 feet in length.
Other species in the region include the Galapagos shark, which can reach up to 10 feet and is common around Oahu’s North Shore, known for being curious but not aggressive. Sandbar sharks, up to 8 feet, prefer sandy seabeds and bays and are also not considered aggressive. Tiger sharks, one of the largest species at 10 to 14 feet, are recognized by their vertical bars and are opportunistic predators found in various habitats, including coastal areas. Scalloped hammerhead sharks, averaging 6 to 8 feet, are characterized by their distinct head shape and are generally shy.
Understanding Shark Incidents
Shark-human interactions in Hawaii, including Waikiki, are infrequent. Historically, Hawaii experiences fewer than ten shark incidents annually, with fatalities being very rare. Records from 1980 to 2024 show 177 shark incidents across the Hawaiian islands, averaging 5.8 per year between 2000 and 2023. This increase from previous decades may be partly due to improved reporting and more people engaging in ocean activities.
Most reported incidents are not fatal, with tiger sharks involved in approximately 60% of interactions. While Maui has historically seen more incidents due to its extensive insular shelf habitat, Oahu has also experienced recent occurrences, including a non-injury incident in Waikiki in March 2024 where a surfer’s board was bitten. Factors that can influence shark presence and potential encounters include murky water, especially near river mouths after heavy rains, and the presence of baitfish, which can attract sharks. Activity during dawn and dusk is often cited as a higher risk time as some shark species move inshore to feed, though tiger sharks have been known to be active at any time of day.
Staying Safe in Waikiki Waters
Practicing general ocean safety helps minimize risks in Waikiki’s waters. Swim with others and avoid swimming alone. Avoid swimming during dawn, dusk, and nighttime hours, as some shark species are more active then.
Avoid murky water, especially near river mouths after heavy rainfall, as poor visibility can lead to sharks mistaking humans for prey. Do not enter the water with open wounds or if bleeding, as sharks can detect blood. Avoid high-contrast clothing or shiny jewelry, as these can attract curious sharks. Always heed local advisories, beach warning signs, and lifeguard guidance.