The waters surrounding the Philippines host a remarkable array of marine life. Sharks are present in these rich ecosystems, with approximately 200 species of sharks and rays inhabiting Philippine waters. Their presence reflects the vibrant and diverse underwater environments found across the country.
Shark Diversity in Philippine Waters
Philippine waters are home to a wide range of shark species. The whale shark, locally known as “butanding,” is the largest fish, reaching lengths of up to 40 feet, yet it is a gentle filter feeder that consumes plankton. Another notable species is the pelagic thresher shark, recognized by its exceptionally long, whip-like tail, which can be half its body length and is used to stun prey. These sharks are shy and often found in deeper, pelagic zones.
Reef sharks, including grey reef sharks, whitetip reef sharks, and blacktip reef sharks, are commonly observed patrolling coral reefs. Grey reef sharks and whitetip reef sharks are abundant in well-managed protected areas. Hammerhead sharks, with their distinctive T-shaped heads, possess enhanced sensory capabilities that aid in hunting. Some species, like the great hammerhead, are nomadic and occasionally sighted in schools. Tiger sharks are also present, though their sightings are less frequent in most areas.
Where Sharks Thrive
Sharks inhabit various marine environments across the Philippines, from shallow coral reefs to deep pelagic waters. Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park in the Sulu Sea is a shark sanctuary. This UNESCO World Heritage Site boasts high densities of grey reef sharks and whitetip reef sharks, among the highest recorded globally, and also hosts tiger sharks and hammerheads. The park’s isolation and strict management since the 1980s have allowed multiple generations of sharks to reproduce without fishing pressure, fostering thriving populations.
Malapascua Island, north of Cebu, is renowned for consistent sightings of pelagic thresher sharks. These sharks frequent cleaning stations at Monad Shoal and Kimud Shoal in the early mornings, where smaller fish remove parasites from their bodies. Donsol in Sorsogon is another location, famous for its seasonal aggregations of whale sharks. The plankton-rich waters of Donsol Bay attract these massive filter feeders, with peak sightings occurring from November to May.
Understanding Shark Encounters
Encounters with sharks in the Philippines are rare, and negative interactions are even less common. Most human-shark interactions occur during activities like diving and snorkeling, particularly in well-known shark aggregation sites. Responsible marine tourism plays an important role in ensuring safety for both humans and sharks. Adhering to guidelines, such as maintaining a respectful distance and avoiding any provocation, helps minimize potential risks.
Sharks are important to the health of marine ecosystems, functioning as apex predators that help maintain the balance of prey populations and overall ocean vitality. Conservation efforts in the Philippines, including the establishment of Marine Protected Areas and national policies, aim to safeguard these animals. Organizations like the Save Sharks Network Philippines raise public awareness and promote sustainable practices, highlighting sharks as a valuable component of the country’s natural heritage rather than a threat.