The Florida Keys, an island chain, are renowned for their vibrant marine ecosystems. Its warm, clear waters and extensive coral reefs support diverse marine life. Various shark species inhabit these waters.
Sharks in Florida Keys Waters
Several shark species inhabit Florida Keys waters. Nurse sharks (Ginglymostoma cirratum) are common, often resting on sandy bottoms or within coral structures. These nocturnal bottom-dwellers grow up to 9 feet long, feeding on crustaceans and small fish. Lemon sharks (Negaprion brevirostris) are recognizable by their yellowish-brown coloration. Lemon sharks reach 8 to 10 feet and are found in shallow coastal waters, including mangrove forests and coral reefs.
Caribbean reef sharks (Carcharhinus perezi) prefer shallow waters around coral reefs, sometimes resting motionless on the seafloor or inside caves. These sharks grow to 8-9 feet and feed on reef-associated fishes. Bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas), known for their robust build and ability to tolerate freshwater, are found in the Keys, particularly in inshore channels and backcountry areas. They range from 5 to 14 feet.
Hammerhead sharks (Sphyrna mokarran) are another notable presence, with various types present. Great hammerheads are large, reaching up to 20 feet, and are highly migratory. They frequent shallow reefs and deeper offshore waters, preying on stingrays and other fish. Blacktip sharks (Carcharhinus limbatus) and sandbar sharks (Carcharhinus plumbeus) are also observed.
Where Sharks Are Found
Sharks in the Florida Keys use various habitats for feeding, breeding, or shelter. Shallow flats, with sandy or seagrass beds, are favored by lemon and nurse sharks. These areas provide abundant food sources like small fish and crustaceans, and serve as nursery grounds for juvenile sharks. Mangrove channels also function as nursery habitats, offering protection from larger predators and a rich supply of prey. Juvenile lemon sharks spend their early years within these sheltered environments.
Coral reefs are another habitat, attracting Caribbean reef sharks and nurse sharks. These complex structures provide hiding spots and are teeming with fish and invertebrates that make up a shark’s diet. Deeper waters and the edge of the Gulf Stream are frequented by larger, migratory species, including bull sharks and various hammerheads. These open water environments are important for their movements and hunting of larger prey. The distribution of these sharks is largely influenced by the availability of food sources and suitable conditions for different life stages.
Safe Interactions with Sharks
Understanding shark behavior and taking precautions ensures safe interactions in Florida Keys waters. Avoid swimming or diving during dawn and dusk, as many shark species are more active and hunt during these low-light periods. Steer clear of areas where people are fishing or where there are signs of baitfish, as this can attract sharks. Sharks have a keen sense of smell, so avoid entering the water with an open wound or bleeding.
Wearing shiny jewelry is discouraged, as the reflection can resemble fish scales, potentially drawing a shark’s attention. Swimming in groups provides a measure of safety, as sharks are less likely to approach multiple individuals. Stay in clear, shallow water and avoid murky conditions, where sharks might have difficulty distinguishing humans from their natural prey. If a shark is sighted, calmly and quickly exit the water. Unprovoked shark attacks in the Florida Keys are infrequent, with only 21 reported in Monroe County since 1882 and four fatalities. While interactions are rare, exercising caution and respecting marine wildlife are prudent measures.