Sharks are a natural part of the ocean ecosystem and are present in the waters off Virginia Beach. The Atlantic Ocean, including coastal Virginia, serves as a habitat or migratory path for various shark species. Despite their presence, Virginia Beach remains a popular and safe destination for swimming and beach activities, and shark encounters are rare.
Sharks Common to Virginia Waters
The waters off Virginia and within the Chesapeake Bay are home to various shark species, each with distinct characteristics and behaviors. One frequently encountered large shark in this region is the sandbar shark (Carcharhinus plumbeus). Growing up to 8 feet long, these common bottom-dwellers use the Chesapeake Bay as an important nursery ground for their young. Sandbar sharks are not considered a threat to humans and typically feed on fish, mollusks, and crustaceans.
Another commonly found species is the sand tiger shark (Carcharias taurus), identifiable by its long, protruding jaws and often reaching lengths of 10 feet. Despite their formidable appearance, sand tiger sharks are typically slow-moving and not known to be aggressive towards humans unless provoked. They are nocturnal hunters, sometimes coordinating to herd prey, and possess a unique ability to gulp air to maintain buoyancy.
Smaller sharks, such as the smooth dogfish (Mustelus canis), are also common seasonal visitors to the lower Chesapeake Bay during summer and fall. These sharks typically reach about 5 feet in length and are active bottom feeders. Blacktip sharks (Carcharhinus limbatus) are migratory, moving north into Virginia waters during warmer summer months. They are often seen closer to shore and recognized for their acrobatic leaps out of the water while chasing schooling fish.
Less frequent species include the scalloped hammerhead (Sphyrna lewini) and smooth hammerhead (Sphyrna zygaena) sharks, which can be present. Scalloped hammerheads are more commonly observed in June, often preferring deeper waters but occasionally venturing closer to the coast. Smooth hammerheads are uncommon visitors to the Chesapeake Bay and adjacent coastal waters. Bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas) and tiger sharks (Galeocerco cuvier) are considered occasional visitors, typically found farther offshore.
Assessing Encounter Risk
The likelihood of a shark encounter or attack at Virginia Beach is very low. Experts emphasize that unprovoked shark attacks in Virginia are rare. Historical data shows 19 shark attacks recorded in Virginia waters between 1900 and 2020, with four fatalities. For Virginia Beach specifically, reports indicate 10 attacks since the 1900s, which is significantly fewer than in other coastal regions.
While shark sightings occur, they are far more common than negative interactions. Marine experts indicate that human-shark interactions in the area are infrequent and often a result of mistaken identity. Most unprovoked shark bites are minor, with many not requiring stitches. Statistically, the chance of being attacked by a shark is approximately 1 in 3.7 million, making it far less probable than being struck by lightning.
Safety Measures for Beachgoers
To minimize shark encounter risk, beachgoers can follow several common-sense ocean safety guidelines. Swimming in groups is advisable, as sharks are less likely to approach larger clusters of people. Avoiding swimming during dawn, dusk, or at night can also reduce risk, as sharks are often more active and visibility is lower during these periods.
Stay close to the shore and avoid areas with active fishing or visible baitfish schools. These locations can attract sharks looking for food. Swimmers should avoid excessive splashing, which can mimic distressed prey and attract unwanted attention. Refraining from wearing shiny jewelry in the water is also advised, as reflective items might resemble fish scales. Always follow instructions and warnings from lifeguards, who monitor conditions and provide timely advice on local marine life activity.