North Carolina’s coastal waters are home to seals. While not permanent residents, their presence is a documented occurrence, particularly during the colder months. These marine mammals make seasonal journeys to the state’s shores, driven by environmental conditions and food availability.
Seal Species in North Carolina
Several species of seals can be observed in North Carolina, primarily as migratory visitors. The most commonly sighted seal is the harbor seal, scientifically known as Phoca vitulina, which is considered the only consistently expected seal in these waters. These seals are typically about 5.5 feet long and can weigh around 275 pounds. They have a spotted coat that helps them camouflage in their environment.
Another frequent visitor is the gray seal, or Halichoerus grypus, which can be significantly larger, sometimes weighing up to 500 pounds. Both harbor and gray seals typically originate from growing colonies in New England and Canada. Less common, but occasionally observed, are harp seals and hooded seals. These animals are generally migratory, making their way south for parts of the year.
Reasons for Seals in North Carolina Waters
Seals venture into North Carolina waters primarily due to their migratory patterns, typically moving south from their colder northern habitats during winter and early spring. This migration is often undertaken by younger seals, particularly pups, who may find it challenging to compete for food with adult seals in their home territories further north. The waters off North Carolina offer a temporary refuge and abundant food sources during these months.
These marine mammals are in search of nourishment, feeding on various fish species such as menhaden, sea bass, and flatfish. After traveling hundreds of miles, seals also need to rest and recuperate, often “hauling out” onto beaches or sandbars for this purpose. While North Carolina represents the southern end of their typical range, the state’s coastal areas provide suitable conditions for foraging and rest before they eventually return north in the spring.
Safe Encounters with Seals
Encountering a seal on a North Carolina beach can be an exciting experience, but it is important to observe these animals safely and responsibly. Maintaining a significant distance, typically at least 50 yards or 150 feet, is crucial for both your safety and the seal’s well-being. Approaching, touching, or feeding seals is not only harmful to the animals but also illegal under federal law, specifically the U.S. Marine Mammal Protection Act. Seals are wild animals that can bite, potentially causing severe injuries or infections.
Seals often haul out onto beaches to rest, which is a normal and necessary behavior for them. If a seal appears to be sick, injured, or in distress, it is important not to intervene yourself. Instead, contact a local marine mammal stranding network or authorities, such as the Cape Hatteras National Seashore’s Marine Mammal and Sea Turtle Stranding Hotline, or the Virginia Aquarium Stranding Response Team. These organizations are equipped to assess the animal’s condition and provide appropriate assistance.