Sea turtles are occasionally found in Oregon’s coastal waters, though their presence is not typical. These marine reptiles are not common residents of the region, making their sightings a rare occurrence.
Sea Turtle Species in Oregon Waters
The Leatherback Sea Turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) is the species most frequently observed in Oregon’s waters. These large turtles are known to forage along the Pacific Northwest coast. Leatherbacks possess unique adaptations that allow them to thrive in cooler waters, including a large body size, thick insulating fat, and a specialized countercurrent heat exchange system. Their flexible, leathery shell also enables them to dive to significant depths without being crushed by pressure.
Other sea turtle species, such as the Green Sea Turtle (Chelonia mydas), Loggerhead Sea Turtle (Caretta caretta), and Olive Ridley Sea Turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea), are much less common in Oregon. When these species are found, they are typically individuals that have strayed from their usual warmer habitats or have become cold-stunned. Green turtles are the largest hard-shelled sea turtles and are primarily herbivorous, while Loggerheads are characterized by their large heads and powerful jaws. Olive Ridleys are smaller and typically found in tropical waters, making their presence unusual in Oregon.
Factors Influencing Their Presence
Ocean currents play a significant role in bringing sea turtles to Oregon’s coast. The North Pacific Gyre and the California Current can transport turtles northward from warmer regions. While Leatherbacks intentionally migrate to these higher latitudes, following the seasonal abundance of jellyfish, the presence of other species is usually accidental.
Oregon’s waters are generally too cold for most sea turtle species, which prefer tropical or subtropical environments. When water temperatures drop below 50°F (10°C), sea turtles can experience a condition known as “cold-stunning.” This hypothermic state causes them to become lethargic, disoriented, and unable to swim effectively. Individuals in this condition are then at the mercy of waves and currents, which can push them ashore. Storm systems can also contribute to these strandings, driving turtles further north and closer to shore than their typical range.
Conservation Status and Reporting Sightings
All sea turtle species found in Oregon waters are protected under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA), listed as either endangered or threatened. These protections underscore the importance of their survival and recovery. Their presence, even if rare, highlights the need for continued conservation efforts.
If a live or deceased sea turtle is encountered on the Oregon coast, it is important to avoid approaching, touching, or attempting to assist the animal. Instead, immediately report the sighting to the appropriate authorities. The Oregon Marine Mammal Stranding Network (OMMSN) or the Oregon State Police (OSP) hotline (1-800-452-7888) should be contacted. Reporting these sightings is important for rescue efforts, data collection, and research. Federal and state laws prohibit unauthorized interaction with these protected animals.