Scorpions do inhabit Wyoming, though their presence is extremely limited. These arachnids are not widespread across the state, and most residents will never encounter one in the wild. The few scorpions that live in Wyoming are confined to specific, arid habitats that mimic conditions found further south.
Species and Extremely Limited Geographic Range
The only native scorpion species confirmed to live in Wyoming is the Northern Scorpion, scientifically known as Paruroctonus boreus. This species is notable for being the northernmost scorpion in North America, tolerating colder temperatures than most of its relatives. Adult Northern Scorpions are medium-sized, typically reaching a length of about two inches, and possess a yellowish-brown color.
They are characterized by a light-colored line that runs along the hind edge of each abdominal segment, with a light brown tail and legs. Crucially, the Northern Scorpion’s distribution is highly restricted within the state, primarily to the arid, high-desert areas of the western and southern regions. Their preferred habitat consists of sagebrush-dominated terrain, rocky hillsides, and shrub-steppe environments.
These animals seek shelter during the day by hiding under rocks, logs, or other debris and in cracks within the soil. They are nocturnal, becoming active only when surface temperatures rise above 50 degrees Fahrenheit. While they are present in counties in the southwestern and southcentral parts of the state, their population density is low, making chance encounters uncommon.
Understanding the Risk Level
The Northern Scorpion is not considered a medically significant species and poses very little danger to humans. Unlike some scorpions found in the American Southwest, the venom of Paruroctonus boreus is mild and is primarily used to subdue small insect prey. A sting from this scorpion is generally comparable to a bee or yellowjacket sting, causing immediate, localized pain, mild swelling, and redness.
Symptoms like numbness or tingling around the sting site may occur but typically resolve without medical intervention. There are no reported fatalities associated with the sting of this species. Stings almost always occur when the non-aggressive scorpion is accidentally threatened, such as when moving a rock or putting on a shoe containing a hiding individual.
To minimize risk in known habitats, always wear gloves when handling firewood or moving rocks, and shake out shoes and clothing left outdoors. Since they are active at night, using a UV light can help spot them, as their exoskeletons fluoresce a bright greenish-blue color.