Scorpions are present in Spain, though they do not typically pose a widespread danger to humans. Most species found across the country are small, and their venom is not considered life-threatening to healthy adults.
Scorpion Species in Spain
Spain is home to several scorpion species, generally 3 to 7 centimeters long. They vary in color from pale yellow to dark brown, possessing segmented bodies, pincers, and a stinger-tipped tail. Common species include those from the Buthus and Euscorpius genera.
Buthus species, such as Buthus occitanus and Buthus ibericus, have venom considered more medically significant. A sting typically causes localized pain, swelling, and discomfort. Fatalities from these stings in Spain are extremely rare.
In contrast, Euscorpius species, including Euscorpius flavicaudis and Euscorpius balearicus, are generally harmless to humans. Their stings are often compared to a mosquito bite, and they rarely use their stinger defensively. Some smaller Euscorpius species may not even puncture human skin.
Where Scorpions are Found
Scorpions in Spain primarily inhabit the southern and eastern regions, including areas like AndalucĂa, Murcia, Valencia, and Cataluña. They thrive in dry, rocky, and scrubland environments, often seeking refuge under stones, logs, and in crevices. These arachnids are also found in gardens, under roof tiles, and occasionally inside homes, particularly in rural or semi-rural settings.
Scorpions are nocturnal creatures, meaning they are most active at night and hide during daylight hours. Their activity increases during the warmer months, typically from May through September, when temperatures are conducive to hunting and mating. During colder periods, scorpions reduce their activity or burrow deeper into the soil, making encounters far less likely.
Safety and Prevention
To prevent scorpion encounters, check bedding, shoes, and any outdoor equipment before use, as scorpions might hide in small, shaded spaces. Sealing cracks in homes and removing debris, woodpiles, or leaf litter from yards can also deter them from entering living spaces. When moving rocks or other outdoor materials, exercising caution is advisable.
If a scorpion is spotted, it is important to remain calm and avoid provoking it, as scorpions generally sting only in self-defense. In the event of a sting, cleaning the affected area immediately with soap and water is recommended. Applying a cold pack or ice can help reduce pain and swelling at the sting site.
Elevating the stung area can also aid in reducing swelling. It is important not to cut, puncture, or squeeze the wound. While most scorpion stings in Spain result in localized discomfort that resolves without complications, seeking medical attention is advised if symptoms worsen, or if the stung individual is a child, elderly, or has known allergies. Symptoms such as severe pain, muscle cramps, dizziness, or vomiting warrant medical evaluation.