Scorpions are present in South Dakota, though they are not as common or widespread as in warmer, more arid regions of the United States. The species found in the state is generally not considered highly dangerous to humans.
Scorpion Species in South Dakota
The primary scorpion species in South Dakota is the Northern Scorpion (Centruroides vittatus). This arachnid is identified by its yellowish-tan body with two distinct dark, longitudinal stripes down its back, and a dark triangular marking above its eyes. Adult Northern Scorpions are medium-sized, typically reaching lengths up to 2.75 inches (70 mm).
They have slender pincers and a long, thin tail, often longer in males. Its coloration provides natural camouflage. The characteristic stripes remain a key identifying feature, even with color variations.
Where Scorpions Live in South Dakota
Northern Scorpions thrive in various habitats, including rocky areas, forests, and grasslands. In South Dakota, sightings are more frequent in the western areas, where rugged landscapes provide suitable conditions. These scorpions prefer to shelter under rocks, logs, and other surface debris.
They are nocturnal, emerging at night to forage for prey. During the day, they remain concealed in crevices or burrows to avoid heat and predators. This species is highly adaptable, tolerating varied climatic conditions, including cooler temperatures. They may seek warm, sheltered areas during cooler seasons, sometimes entering human dwellings.
Safety Around South Dakota Scorpions
The sting of the Northern Scorpion (Centruroides vittatus) is generally mild, often compared to a bee or wasp sting. While painful, it is rarely life-threatening. Common symptoms include localized pain, swelling, and redness. Some may also experience a tingling or burning sensation.
To avoid encounters, take precautions, especially in areas where scorpions might be present. Shake out shoes and clothing before wearing them. When gardening or moving debris, wear gloves, as scorpions often hide there. Sealing cracks and gaps around windows, doors, and foundations can help prevent scorpions from entering homes.
If a sting occurs, clean the affected area with soap and water. Apply a cool compress or ice pack to reduce pain and swelling. Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, can also be used.
While most stings are not severe, seek medical attention if symptoms worsen or if an allergic reaction occurs. Signs of a serious reaction include difficulty breathing, extensive swelling, or vomiting. Prompt medical evaluation is especially important for children and older adults, who may be more susceptible to severe reactions.