Scorpions are present in San Diego, inhabiting various parts of the county from coastal areas to inland deserts and mountains. While these arachnids exist, serious encounters are generally uncommon, and most local species are not highly venomous to humans. This article provides knowledge on the types of scorpions found here, their environments, and appropriate responses to encounters.
Common Scorpions in San Diego
San Diego is home to several scorpion species, each with distinct characteristics and venom potency. The Arizona Bark Scorpion (Centruroides sculpturatus), though less common in coastal San Diego, is present in the eastern parts of the county and is the most venomous scorpion in the United States. Its sting causes severe localized pain, swelling, numbness, muscle twitching, and widespread symptoms like breathing problems. Fatalities are rare; antivenom is available. These scorpions are typically light brown and can grow up to three inches in length.
The Stripe-tailed Scorpion (Hoffmannius spinigerus) is frequently encountered in Southern California, including San Diego. Measuring around 2.5 inches, this scorpion has a tan to dark brown body often featuring darker stripes. Its sting is painful, comparable to a bee or wasp, but generally not dangerous unless an allergic reaction occurs. Other species, like the Desert Hairy Scorpion (Hadrurus arizonensis) (5-7 inches) and the California Common Scorpion (Paruroctonus silvestrii), also reside here; their stings are typically painful but not life-threatening.
Where Scorpions are Found
Scorpions are nocturnal predators that seek shelter during the day to avoid harsh temperatures. They inhabit diverse environments across San Diego County, including deserts, grasslands, savannas, and even certain forested areas. They often hide under rocks, logs, woodpiles, debris, and in natural washes and canyons.
Around homes, scorpions are attracted to places offering darkness, moisture, and potential prey. They can be found in garages, sheds, and crawl spaces. Common outdoor hiding spots include under potted plants, in woodpiles, and beneath any undisturbed clutter. Indoors, scorpions might seek refuge in closets, cupboards, or even inside shoes, typically entering through small cracks or gaps as narrow as 1/16 of an inch.
What to Do After a Scorpion Encounter
If stung by a scorpion, remain calm. Clean the sting site thoroughly with mild soap and water to reduce infection risk. Apply a cool compress or ice pack to the affected area to alleviate pain and swelling. Elevate the stung limb to manage discomfort. Over-the-counter pain relievers, like acetaminophen or ibuprofen, can help with pain.
Seek medical attention if symptoms worsen or if the sting involves a child or elderly individual. Symptoms like severe pain, widespread swelling, difficulty breathing, vomiting, or muscle twitching warrant immediate medical evaluation. Contacting a local poison control center (800-222-1222) provides guidance on next steps. Do not attempt to cut the wound or suck out venom.
How to Prevent Scorpions
Proactive measures can reduce scorpions entering homes and properties. Sealing cracks and gaps in foundations, exterior walls, and around windows and doors with caulk or weatherstripping effectively blocks entry points. Ensure door sweeps are tight against thresholds to prevent scorpions from squeezing underneath.
Maintain a tidy outdoor environment. Remove piles of rocks, wood, leaves, and debris from around the house (ideally 30 feet from the perimeter) to eliminate potential hiding spots. Keep yards well-maintained, trim vegetation, and avoid overwatering to make the area less attractive to scorpions. Indoors, check shoes and clothing before use (especially at night) and inspect dark areas like closets to prevent unexpected encounters. Control other household pests to reduce food sources that attract scorpions.