Scorpions are found across North Carolina, though their presence often surprises residents and visitors. The species present is a common arachnid in the state but is not considered dangerous to healthy adults. Understanding the specific type of scorpion and its habits can help inform simple precautions to avoid accidental encounters. Knowing what to look for is the first step toward living comfortably alongside them.
The Scorpion Species Found in North Carolina
The only native species established in the state is the Southern Devil Scorpion, scientifically known as Vaejovis carolinianus. It is also commonly referred to as the Southern Unstriped Scorpion due to its uniform color. They are small, typically growing to a length of one to three inches when mature.
The Southern Devil Scorpion generally exhibits a solid, dark brown or reddish-brown coloration. While this species is the most prevalent, other scorpions, such as the Striped Bark Scorpion (Centruroides vittatus), have been occasionally reported. These incidental reports usually involve individuals that have “hitchhiked” into the state via transport of goods like lumber or freight from their native ranges.
Where Scorpions Live: Habitat and Range
The Southern Devil Scorpion is found across North Carolina, though historical reports indicate a higher concentration in the western, mountainous regions of the state. They are adapted to the humid, forested environment of the Appalachian range, preferring a moist habitat over the arid conditions many people associate with scorpions. These arachnids are nocturnal, spending their days hidden in dark, sheltered locations outdoors.
Natural hiding spots include under the loose bark of dead trees, beneath logs and stones, and within leaf litter or woodpiles. Around homes, scorpions seek similar shelter, often congregating in crawlspaces, attics, or under foundations. They are capable of squeezing through gaps as narrow as one-eighth of an inch to gain entry into structures. Once inside, they may be found in damp areas like bathrooms or laundry rooms, or tucked away in shoes and clothing piles.
Understanding the Sting and Safety Precautions
The venom of the Southern Devil Scorpion is considered medically unimportant, meaning it is not dangerous to most healthy individuals. A sting from this species is comparable in severity to a common bee or wasp sting. The immediate effects are usually limited to localized pain, swelling, and redness at the site of the sting.
The pain can be intense for a short period, potentially lasting 20 minutes or more, with residual tenderness and swelling persisting for several hours. First aid involves cleaning the area with soap and water and applying a cool compress to reduce discomfort. Over-the-counter pain relievers can also be used to manage the localized pain.
While the sting is rarely serious, seek prompt medical attention if the person stung is a small child, an older adult, or has a pre-existing health condition. Medical care is also necessary if systemic symptoms develop, such as difficulty breathing, muscle twitching, or signs of a severe allergic reaction. These severe reactions, though rare, are the primary safety concern, particularly for individuals allergic to other insect venoms.
Keeping Scorpions Out of Your Home
Preventing scorpions from entering a home focuses on exclusion and environmental management. A fundamental step is to carefully seal all cracks and crevices in the foundation, exterior walls, and around utility lines entering the structure. Installing tight-fitting weather stripping around doors and windows will close off common entry points.
Outside the home, remove potential hiding spots by keeping woodpiles, rock stacks, and leaf litter away from the foundation. Maintaining a tidy yard eliminates their preferred shelter and reduces the presence of their insect prey. Because scorpions are attracted to moisture, addressing leaks or areas of poor drainage in crawlspaces and basements makes the indoor environment less appealing. Finally, shake out shoes, clothing, and towels before use, especially if they have been left on the floor or in a garage.