Scorpions are not commonly associated with the Midwest, leading many to assume they are absent from Nebraska. Scorpions are occasionally found within the state, but their presence is limited to specific areas in the extreme southern regions. This limited distribution is primarily due to the climate, as the state’s colder winters represent a significant barrier to their survival. Encounters are rare for most residents, and the species found here is not considered a serious threat to human health.
The greatest likelihood of an encounter occurs in counties that border Kansas, where the warmer habitat extends northward.
Confirmed Species and Geographic Range
The single species confirmed to inhabit Nebraska is the Striped Bark Scorpion (Centruroides vittatus). This species is widespread across the south-central United States, with Nebraska marking its maximum northern reach. Researchers have documented populations specifically in south-central areas, including Thayer and Franklin Counties.
The Striped Bark Scorpion is distinguishable by its tan to yellowish body. It possesses two broad, dark longitudinal stripes running down its back, which gives the species its common name. Adults are medium-sized, generally reaching about two inches in length.
These scorpions thrive in environments that offer plenty of cover, occupying grasslands, woodlands, and rocky outcroppings. They are nocturnal, spending their days hidden beneath rocks, logs, or surface debris to avoid the sun. The cold climate necessitates a long period of inactivity, as they become dormant from late October through mid-March.
Their natural habitat includes crevices and canyons, but they are also capable of entering human-made structures. Scorpions often climb trees and shrubs in search of prey, which consists mainly of small insects and other arthropods. Their ability to adapt to various habitats, from upland prairies to urban settings, contributes to their survival.
Toxicity and Medical Significance
The venom produced by the Striped Bark Scorpion is neurotoxic, designed to immobilize prey. The sting is not considered medically significant for healthy adults and is frequently compared to the pain of a bee or wasp sting. The initial sensation is often described as a sharp, burning pain, sometimes followed by localized numbness or tingling around the sting site.
Common symptoms are usually mild, confined to the sting area, and include minor swelling and redness. The discomfort is generally short-lived, with the most intense pain subsiding within an hour. This species does not pose the same threat as the highly dangerous Arizona Bark Scorpion (Centruroides sculpturatus), which is found only in the southwestern United States.
Treatment
If a sting occurs, wash the area thoroughly with soap and water. Applying a cold compress or ice pack for ten to fifteen minutes can help reduce pain and swelling. Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen, may be used for managing discomfort.
Remove any jewelry from the affected limb promptly, as localized swelling may occur. Individuals should contact a poison control center or seek immediate medical attention if severe symptoms develop. These include difficulty breathing, generalized muscle twitching, or rapidly spreading swelling. Children and the elderly are more susceptible to severe reactions and should be monitored closely.
Encounter Prevention and Safety
Since the Striped Bark Scorpion is nocturnal and spends the day hiding in dark, protected spaces, simple precautions can minimize the chance of an encounter.
- Wear gloves when working outside, especially while moving firewood, rocks, or yard debris, as these materials provide daytime shelter.
- Seal cracks or unsealed gaps in foundations and doorways to deny scorpions access to the home.
- Shake out shoes, clothing, or towels left on the floor overnight before use.
- Reduce the presence of other insects near the home, as scorpions are attracted to a plentiful food supply.
- Limit outdoor lighting that attracts prey insects.
- Avoid walking barefoot at night in areas where scorpions are known to be present.