Many people associate scorpions with hot, arid deserts, leading to a common assumption that these arachnids would not thrive in colder climates. However, the diverse landscapes of Montana are home to a scorpion species, which might come as a surprise to some.
Scorpions in Montana: The Facts
Montana is home to only one native scorpion species: the Northern Scorpion (Paruroctonus boreus). This species is notably robust, considered the most cold-tolerant scorpion in North America, found as far north as Canada.
Northern Scorpions are moderately sized, exhibiting a light yellow coloration with distinctive dark markings. A black V-shaped pattern centers on their median eyes, and dim streaks may be visible across their preabdomen segments. Adult females are larger than males, with an average total length of approximately 38.9 millimeters compared to males averaging around 35.5 millimeters. These scorpions are nocturnal, hunting insects and other small prey at night.
Where to Find Them in Montana
Northern Scorpions are distributed across Montana, particularly in the southeastern regions and drier habitats. They are found in areas characterized by sandstone cliffs, such as the Rims around Billings and parts of the Bighorn Canyon. While they prefer these geological features, they can inhabit a variety of elevations.
These scorpions seek shelter under rocks, logs, and bark during the day. They are rarely observed unless sought out at night or by disturbing their resting spots. During colder periods, Northern Scorpions retreat into warm, sheltered locations to hibernate, enduring Montana’s winters.
Encountering a Scorpion: Safety and Response
An encounter with a Northern Scorpion poses little threat to humans. The sting of Paruroctonus boreus is considered mild, comparable to a bee or hornet sting, and is not life-threatening for most healthy adults. Symptoms remain localized to the sting site, involving pain, minimal swelling, tenderness, warmth, and sometimes temporary numbness lasting up to four hours.
If you encounter a Northern Scorpion, leave it undisturbed, as they rarely sting unless provoked. Should a sting occur, clean the affected area thoroughly with soap and water. Applying a cold compress or ice pack for 10-minute intervals helps reduce pain and swelling. Elevating the stung limb is also beneficial.
Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen, can alleviate discomfort. While the Northern Scorpion’s sting is not severe, seek medical attention if symptoms worsen, or if the sting involves a child, an elderly individual, or someone with a known allergy or underlying health condition. Though extremely rare for this species, more severe symptoms from any scorpion sting could include breathing difficulties, muscle spasms, or unusual movements, necessitating immediate medical evaluation.