Scorpions, often associated with arid desert landscapes, might seem out of place in Maryland’s temperate climate. However, these arachnids are present within the state. While not native, certain species have established rare, localized populations, generally due to accidental introductions rather than natural migration.
Maryland’s Scorpion Species
The primary scorpion species in Maryland is the European Yellow-tailed Scorpion (Euscorpius flavicaudis). Native to Northwest Africa and Southern Europe, this species measures 3.5 to 4.5 centimeters (1.4 to 1.8 inches) long. It has a distinct appearance: a black body with yellow-brown legs and tail (metasoma).
Euscorpius flavicaudis has large claws (pedipalps) and a short, thin tail. These scorpions are generally docile, preferring to flee when disturbed rather than sting. This species is not widely abundant in Maryland, found in isolated populations where conditions are suitable.
Where Scorpions Are Found in Maryland
Scorpions in Maryland seek microhabitats offering protection and prey. Outdoors, they reside in dark, dry spaces like under stones, logs, or leaf litter. They are also found in cracks of old walls, rock formations, and garden environments. Urban and suburban areas with human-made structures also provide suitable outdoor habitats.
Indoors, scorpions may enter homes for shelter, especially when outdoor conditions are too hot or dry. Common indoor hiding spots include basements, crawl spaces, and garages, offering cooler temperatures and reduced light. They might also be found under appliances, inside cabinets, behind refrigerators, or in undisturbed areas like dark drawers, shelves, or shoes. These locations provide concealment, moisture, and proximity to small insects and arthropods.
Scorpion Encounters and Safety
Encounters with scorpions in Maryland are infrequent. The European Yellow-tailed Scorpion’s sting is mild for humans, causing temporary localized pain, discomfort, and some swelling. While rare, mild systemic symptoms like nausea or vomiting can occur but are uncommon. The discomfort is often compared to a minor pin-prick and typically subsides within an hour, rarely requiring medical intervention.
If a scorpion is encountered, it is best to avoid direct contact. For prevention, seal home entry points using caulk or weatherstripping around doors, windows, foundations, and utility lines. Regularly clear outdoor debris like woodpiles, rocks, and leaf litter to reduce hiding spots. Inside, minimize clutter in basements, garages, and closets. Shaking out shoes, clothing, and bedding before use can prevent accidental encounters.