Scorpions are present in Flagstaff, Arizona, though their prevalence and behaviors differ from those in hotter, lower desert regions of the state. While encounters are less frequent than in areas like Phoenix or Tucson, certain scorpion species have adapted to Flagstaff’s higher elevation and cooler climate.
Scorpion Presence in Flagstaff
The Northern Scorpion (Paruroctonus boreus) tolerates colder conditions. This scorpion typically has a brown body with lighter legs and pincers, and it can reach about 2 inches in length. Its sting is generally not considered medically significant to humans.
The Arizona Bark Scorpion (Centruroides sculpturatus), while more commonly associated with warmer, lower desert areas, can also be found in Flagstaff. This species is smaller, usually 2 to 3 inches long, and is typically pale yellow or tan. It is the only scorpion species in Arizona considered medically significant due to its potent venom.
Understanding Scorpion Habitats and Behavior
Scorpions in Flagstaff are nocturnal predators, preferring to hunt at night and seeking shelter during the day. They often hide in dark, secluded spots such as under rocks, logs, woodpiles, and other garden debris outdoors. These arachnids are also known to occasionally find their way into homes, gravitating towards cool, dark spaces like garages, basements, closets, and even shoes. They are attracted to homes that offer abundant insect activity, which serves as a food source.
The seasonal temperature changes in Flagstaff influence their activity. Scorpions are more active during warmer months, typically from April to October, with peak activity in July when temperatures are highest. During the colder winter months, scorpions become less active and may seek sheltered, undisturbed spaces to hibernate, sometimes congregating in groups. This dormant period means they are less likely to be encountered outdoors but might seek refuge indoors when temperatures drop, leading to potential indoor sightings.
Encountering Scorpions: Safety and Prevention
Encountering a scorpion can be startling, but knowing how to react can minimize risk. If a scorpion is spotted, it is best to avoid direct contact and not approach it. For removal, long tools like tongs or a broom can be used to gently sweep it into a container, which can then be sealed and the scorpion released far from the home. It is generally not recommended to squish scorpions indoors, as this can release eggs or attract other pests.
Preventative measures around the home are effective in reducing the likelihood of scorpion encounters. Sealing cracks and crevices in foundations, walls, and around pipes can block entry points into the home. Installing door sweeps and ensuring windows have tight seals can also prevent scorpions from entering. Outdoors, removing potential hiding spots such as woodpiles, rocks, and debris away from the house can deter them. Checking shoes and clothing before wearing them, especially if left outdoors or in garages, is a simple but effective habit.
Regarding stings, the Arizona Bark Scorpion is the only species in Arizona with venom potent enough to cause severe symptoms in humans. A sting from this species typically results in intense pain, numbness, and tingling at the site, which can spread. More severe symptoms can include muscle twitching, difficulty breathing, and visual disturbances, particularly in young children and older adults.
While fatalities are extremely rare, immediate medical attention is advisable for children, the elderly, or anyone experiencing severe symptoms. For most stings, local pain can be managed with a cool compress and over-the-counter pain relievers, though aspirin or ibuprofen should be avoided. Contacting a poison control center immediately after a sting is recommended for expert advice.