Groundhogs are present in Alabama. These large rodents, also known as woodchucks, are members of the squirrel family, recognized for their robust bodies and burrowing habits. While often associated with colder northern climates, groundhogs have established themselves across the state.
Groundhog Presence in Alabama
Groundhogs are found across the northern two-thirds of Alabama, with their range extending south into the Coastal Plain and reaching central Alabama and northern Mississippi. These animals favor environments with a mix of open spaces and cover, such as woodland edges, meadows, pastures, and agricultural fields. They have adapted to human-altered landscapes, often thriving in suburban areas with gardens and green spaces.
Life and Habits of Alabama Groundhogs
Groundhogs are skilled burrowers, creating intricate underground tunnel systems that serve multiple purposes. These burrows can be extensive, reaching depths of 2 to 6 feet and extending up to 60 feet, often featuring multiple entrances for escape. They construct various chambers for sleeping, raising young, and waste. Groundhogs are primarily herbivores, consuming a wide variety of vegetation, including grasses, clover, and common garden crops like cabbage, lettuce, beans, corn, and soybeans. They may also eat fruits, berries, and occasionally insects.
Reproduction occurs in March and April, following their emergence from hibernation. After a gestation period of 31 to 32 days, females give birth to a single litter each year, usually three to five pups, though litter size can range from one to nine. Young groundhogs remain with their mother for six to seven weeks before establishing their own burrows. Groundhogs are true hibernators, entering a deep sleep from late October to March or April. During this period, their body temperature and heart rate decrease significantly, and they rely on fat reserves. They typically remain underground until spring.
Groundhogs and Humans in Alabama
Groundhogs interact with human populations in Alabama. Their foraging habits often damage vegetable gardens, agricultural crops, and ornamental plants. They also gnaw on trees and outdoor wooden structures. Their extensive burrowing activity poses a concern, especially when tunnels are created near homes or other structures. Burrows under sheds, decks, patios, or building foundations can compromise soil stability, potentially leading to water drainage issues and structural damage.
In Alabama, groundhogs are designated as a game animal with no closed seasons for hunting. They can be trapped or shot if causing property damage. Relocating groundhogs across county lines or river systems is generally not permitted without specific authorization. To deter groundhogs, various methods can be employed:
- Installing robust fencing that extends at least 2 feet deep into the ground and has an outward-angled top section.
- Using repellents like fox or coyote urine, or ammonia-soaked rags.
- Employing motion-activated sprinklers.
- Allowing pet dogs access to the area.